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They found that total particulate gravimetric mass collected over the engine test cycle was more than 2 times higher for B0 than for B20 fuel. Particle number distributions aggregated over one example drive cycle indicate a unimodal B0 distribution centered at 51 nm, but a B20 distribution with a smaller diameter mode at 32.2
In a study published in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels , a team from the University of Vermont reports that particulate matter from the combustion of biodiesel blends may be 50–80% less toxic per unit PM mass emitted than PM from petroleum diesel, depending on feedstock. nmol/min/mg PM for B0 and B100, respectively, and from 22.6 ± 4.5
Blending jatropha biodiesel (JBD) with Fischer-Tropsch synthetic diesel (FT) results in lower CO, THC, smoke and PM emissions compared to neat FT, according to a study by researchers at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) published in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels.
With each fuel at each operating location, the optimal ECM parameter settings resulted in the reduction of BSNO x , BSPM, and peak dP/dt to levels comparable to or lower than the corresponding nominal B0 levels. The ability to produce emission and noise decreases were subsequently leveraged to produce BSFC reductions.
A team at the University of Birmingham reports that a blend of 33% v/v of butanol in EN228 commercial gasoline containing 5% of ethanol (B33) reduces GDI (gasoline direct injection) engine-out carbonaceous emissions, while maintaining similar levels of NO x emissions when compared to standard gasoline combustion at low and medium engine loads.
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