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They found that total particulate gravimetric mass collected over the engine test cycle was more than 2 times higher for B0 than for B20 fuel. Particle number distributions aggregated over one example drive cycle indicate a unimodal B0 distribution centered at 51 nm, but a B20 distribution with a smaller diameter mode at 32.2
In the study, the team examined the relationships between biodiesel fuel blend, exhaust particle oxidative potential (OP), and PM composition. OP in oxidized aerosols, including engine exhaust, is commonly quantified using the DTT (dithiothreitol) assay. PM-normalized DTT Activity for biodiesel exhaust PM. to 13.6 ± 3.8
The authors tested JBD blended with FT fuel in volumetric ratios of 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0 (B0, B25, B50, B75, and B100). Considering engine performance and exhaust emissions, B25 was suggested to be an environmentally friendly alternative fuel for diesel engines.
Prior studies have shown that higher biodiesel fuel consumption and biodiesel-NO x emissions can be mitigated to some extent via modulation of four engine parameters—air/fuel ratio (AFR), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) fraction, injection (rail) pressure, and start of main fuel injection (SOI)—alone or in concert.
The engine was operated at stoichiometric conditions where the oxygen concentration was controlled by a Heated Exhaust Gas Oxygen (HEGO) sensor. The 33% v/v butanol-gasoline fuel was blended at the University of Birmingham using standard EN228 gasoline with 5% (v/v) ethanol content (B0) and pure n-butanol. higher flame speed).
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