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Among the many climate-related vulnerabilities that can impact its mission, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cites a likely increase in tropospheric ozone pollution as potentially making it more difficult to attain National Ambient Air Quality Standards ( NAAQS ) in many areas with existing ozone problems.
Noting the references in scientific and policy literature to the need for fast-action mitigation to help avoid DAI and abrupt climatechanges, the authors define “fast-action” to include regulatory measures that can begin within 2–3 years, be substantially implemented in 5–10 years, and produce a climate response within decades.
Schematic diagram of the trade-offs between the implications for regional air quality and global climatechange of new policies for management of the atmosphere. The complex roles that ozone and aerosols play in the atmosphere provide examples of such trade-offs. Source: NOAA. Click to enlarge.
the final version of the proposed First Update to the ClimateChange Scoping Plan (First Update). Furthermore, commercially available technologies, such as fuel efficient passenger vehicle tires, can be utilized by both new and in-use vehicles in the near-term to achieve GHG emission reductions. Earlier post.).
Through a recent modeling experiment, a team of NASA-funded researchers have found that future concentrations of carbon dioxide and ozone in the atmosphere and of nitrogen in the soil are likely to have an important but overlooked effect on the cycling of water from sky to land to waterways.
The decrease in CO 2 equivalent emissions of ODSs (ozone-depleting substances: CFCs, halons, HCFCs, and others) may be offset by the projected increase in their non-ozone depleting substitutes (HFCs) (lines designated as HFC scenarios). The contribution of HFCs to climate forcing is currently less than 1% of all greenhouse gases.
It is an unpalatable truth that unless we can succeed in greatly reducing CO 2 emissions we are headed for a very uncomfortable and challenging climate future, and geoengineering will be the only option left to limit further temperature increases. Professor John Shepherd, chair of the Royal Society’s geoengineering study.
Molecules called Criegee intermediates—carbonyl oxides—are important atmospheric reactants, but only indirect knowledge of their reaction kinetics has been available. Credit: Marston (2012), Photo credit: Daniel Stein/Istockphoto.com.Click to enlarge. Carl Percival. —Welz et al.
The US, Canada, and Mexico have submitted a proposal to strengthen climate protection under the Montreal Protocol— the international treaty that phases out the production of a number of substances responsible for ozone depletion. Climate protection from the Montreal and Kyoto protocols. Source: IGSD. Click to enlarge.
HFCs are chemicals are potential substitutes for ozone-depleting and climate-warming CFCs and HCFCs currently being phased out under the Montreal Protocol treaty to protect the ozone layer. The Joint Task Force will submit its report by 1 August 2011. The United States, Mexico, and Canada also proposed a similar amendment.
NSF anticipates funding of $35,000,000 to $39,000,000 in FY 2012 and FY 2013, pending availability of funds, to be awarded to an estimated 7 to 12 projects. NSF said that is chose a time span of several decades because within this timeframe modeled climatechange responses appear to be insensitive to CO 2 forcing scenarios.
Decomposition of the decadal change in total global CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion by four driving factors; population, income (GDP) per capita, energy intensity of GDP and carbon intensity of energy. However, the underlying estimates do not take into account economic benefits of reduced climatechange.
That’s three times the amount estimated by the Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange (IPCC). Nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to climatechange and stratospheric ozone destruction.
The graphs we’ve made available online will enable people to examine the evidence about the major driver of recent climatechange. Data for the synthetic greenhouse and ozone depleting gases, such as CFCs, also are available.
A side event organized by the International Nitrogen Initiative (INI) at the COP-15 United Nations ClimateChange Conference in Copenhagen will highlight nitrogen’s role in climatechange. Nitrogen and climate interactions are not yet adequately included in the Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange assessment process.
Global ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) and HFC emissions (A), global CO 2 and HFC emissions (B), and ODS, HFC, and CO 2 global RF (C) for the period 2000–2050. These HFCs, gases used in refrigerators and air conditioners, are substitutes for ozone-depleting gases, but they are also strong greenhouse gases. Velders et al.
HFO-1234yf is a non-Ozone Depleting Substance with a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 4. The results from the CRP1234 programs that investigated the new refrigerant for use in mobile air conditioning systems (cars and light trucks) are available on-line. Tags: ClimateChange Emissions Vehicle Systems.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has submitted its final Report to Congress on Black Carbon , in response to an October 2009 request from Congress to advance efforts to understand the role of black carbon (BC) in climatechange. Control technologies are available to reduce BC emissions from a number of source categories.
That figure does not include damages from climatechange, harm to ecosystems, effects of some air pollutants such as mercury, and risks to national security, which the report examines but does not monetize. Tags: ClimateChange Emissions Policy. Source: “Hidden Costs of Energy”. Click to enlarge.
Funding priorities through the ARFVT Program support fuel and vehicle development to help attain the state’s climatechange policies. They are available only for new natural gas and propane vehicles that meet all the emission requirements of the California Air Resources Board. million ZEVs on the state’s roads.
Compared to the 2010 “Business as Usual” scenario—which includes all adopted emission control measures for the South Coast—NO x levels must be reduced by 65% and by 75% to meet the 2023 and 2032 ozone standards, respectively. An 80% reduction of GHG emissions is targeted for 2050, relative to 1990 levels. Resources.
The on-road transportation (ORT) and power generation (PG) sectors are major contributors to CO 2 emissions and a host of short-lived radiatively-active air pollutants, including tropospheric ozone and fine aerosol particles, that exert complex influences on global climate. Tags: ClimateChange Emissions. Unger et al.
R134a replaced CFC-12 as the MAC refrigerant in the early 1990s due to the negative impact of CFCs on the Earth’s ozone layer. With its GWP of 1, it is also the refrigerant that has the least impact on climate. It has a high cooling capacity and is available worldwide at low cost in the required qualities.
Under the proposal, automakers could petition the EPA for approval of a higher octane, higher ethanol content test fuel if: they could demonstrate that such a fuel would be used by the operator and would be readily available nationwide; vehicles would not operate appropriately on other available fuels; and. psi RVP and 7.8
The report did note, however, that there are some serious questions over adverse effects with this method, particularly depletion of stratospheric ozone. Geoengineering and its consequences are the price we may have to pay for failure to act on climatechange.”. Evaluating candidate particles. Delivery Systems.
The Afternoon Constellation, so named because it crosses the equator at approximately 1:30 PM local time every day, consists of five existing satellites in tight formation, collecting simultaneous data on aerosols, clouds, cloud ice, carbon sinks, carbon sources, ozone, particulates, and atmospheric water vapor.
However, climatechange has caused an increase in rainfall in recent years, which now raises the issue of environmental contamination. Other project partners are also evaluating UV- and ozone-assisted as well as microbial oxidation processes. These calcium compounds are then deposited in the Atacama Desert.
The leaders of the world have just returned from the UN's latest climatechange summit, COP26 , in which the countries that have signed on to the Paris Agreement upped their commitments to fight climatechange. IEEE Spectrum : What role does Silver Lining play in climate research or advocacy? In 2015, the U.S.
The program reduces the number of available allowances issued each year to ensure that aggregate emissions from the covered entities are reduced by 3% below 2005 levels in 2012, 20% below 2005 levels in 2020, 42% below 2005 levels in 2030, and 83% below 2005 levels in 2050. The draft directs EPA to create a “strategic reserve” of about 2.5
CTGs are not regulations and do not impose legal requirements on sources; rather, they provide recommendations for state and local air agencies to consider in determining reasonably available control technology (RACT) for reducing emissions from covered processes and equipment.
Among the findings of the report, “HFC-134a phase-out in the Chinese light-duty motor vehicle sector”, was that, considering the social cost of CO 2 e, up to 1 trillion RMB in costs (US$150 billion) required to address climatechange could be avoided through 2050 by transitioning to low-GWP alternative MACs.
Life cycle inventories have typically been presented at global, national, or regional levels—sufficient for understanding global processes such as climatechange and fossil fuel depletion, but insufficient for the analysis of local processes such as air pollution, according to the researchers. —Tessum et al.
Organic aerosol (OA) in the atmosphere is detrimental to human health and represents a highly uncertain forcing of climatechange. The use of petroleum-derived fuels is an important source of reactive gas-phase organic carbon that provides key precursors to the formation of secondary OA (SOA) and tropospheric ozone.
In 2004, the Centralina region (the Greater Charlotte metro area, which straddles the North CarolinaSouth Carolina border) was designated as a non-attainment area for ozone under the Clean Air Act. Furthermore, the trucking industry is also far along the road toward making hydrogen available at truck stops.
Reducing emissions of black carbon soot and ground-level ozone would quickly make a considerable dent in the climatechange problem and would also contribute to public health and protect crop yields, according to an essay in the September/October issue of Foreign Affairs. Besides a danger to breathe, ozone lowers crop yields.
A new study led by researchers from Northwestern University projects that if electric vehicles replaced 25% of combustion engine cars currently on the road, the United States would save approximately $17 billion annually by avoiding damages from climatechange and air pollution.
What I do know, is how fossil fuel vehicles have contributed heavily to poor air quality in our towns and cities, damage to the environment, soil and water quality and have contributed to the depletion of the ozone layer! There are so many great models, shapes, styles of EV available now with budget, mid and high-end options.
Circle areas are proportional to values for (A and B) climatechange, (C and D) human health (values for population over age 30), and (E and F) agriculture. Methane is both a potent greenhouse gas and an important precursor to ground-level ozone. National benefits of the CH 4 plus BC measures versus the reference scenario.
A new report prepared by the World Bank at the request of the G8 identifies ways that the World Bank can do more through its projects to reduce the emission of short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs): black carbon, methane, tropospheric ozone, and fluorinated gases known as HFCs. Black carbon ClimateChange Emissions'
Many of the strategies employed to reduce GHG emissions will also work to meet the national ambient air quality standard for ozone in 2032. Recommendations are based on technologies currently available or expected in the near term, and on planning and investment steps that can be taken now.
Rebates are available to individuals, business owners and government entities in California that purchase or lease new eligible zero-emission or plug-in hybrid electric light-duty vehicles now. The amount of funding available to pay for these technologies is dependent on the amount of revenues generated from vehicle and smog abatement fees.
The delta between the carbon storage that would have been available under the business-as-usual plan and the TCF plan is the “additional” carbon storage provided by the project. ozone depletion potential (ODP). photochemical ozone creation potential. Finally is the management plan for the forest—i.e., hack and squirt).
A few studies also include other relevant impact indicators as acidification potential, eutrophication potential, ozone depletion potential and various toxicity potentials. In the case of predicting biofuels-related indirect land use changes, even the best available methodologies and models have proven to be significantly imprecise.
That’s based on air quality assessment data from 2020-2022 (the most recent available), and accounting for new EPA particulate-pollution rules finalized in February 2024. ” But the organization is now pushing for stricter national limits on ozone pollution as well. 2024 Volkswagen ID.4 A person of color in the U.S.
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