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Toyota develops tropospheric ozone-concentration simulator for South and East Asia

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have developed a simulator able to predict tropospheric ozone concentrations across the whole of South and East Asia. The project was carried out in collaboration with Tsinghua University in China, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) in India, and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in Austria.

Ozone 199
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U Vienna team finds stable metabolized TWP-derived compounds with unknown toxicities in lettuce

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Researchers at the University of Vienna (Austria) have demonstrated that tire wear particle (TWP)-derived compounds are readily taken up by lettuce with measured maximum leaf concentrations between ∼0.75 for N-phenyl-N′-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and 20 μg g –1 for hexamethoxymethyl melamine (HMMM).

Ozone 456
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International study identifies 14 key measures to reduce methane and black carbon emissions; reduction in projected global mean warming of ~0.5 °C by 2050

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Methane is both a potent greenhouse gas and an important precursor to ground-level ozone. Ozone, a key component of smog and also a greenhouse gas, damages crops and human health. Tropospheric ozone and black carbon (BC) contribute to degraded air quality and global warming. —Shindell et al.

Carbon 257
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DISCOVER-AQ project to begin flights to enhance measurement of ground-level air-quality from space

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In the air, NASA investigators will be joined by colleagues from the National Center for Atmospheric Research, the University of California-Berkeley, and the University of Innsbruck in Austria. Both aircraft will measure ozone and a mixture of soot and PM. As a result, questions remain about the vertical distribution of pollutants.

Ozone 186
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Emissions of Air Pollutants down in EU-27

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The downward emission trend of three main pollutants which cause ground-level ozone continued in 2007: carbon monoxide (CO) fell by 57%, non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) were down by 47% and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) have dropped 36%. EU-27 emissions of all four pollutants were lower in 2007 than in 2006.

Pollution 236
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Perspective: US Needs to Transition to Hydrous Ethanol as the Primary Renewable Transportation Fuel

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80.27, “high ozone season” means the period from June 1 to September 15 of any calendar year and “regulatory control period” means the period from May 1 to September 15 of any calendar year. Current Legal Requirement for Use of Anhydrous Ethanol in the United States. 40 CFR § 80.27 addresses controls and prohibitions on gasoline volatility.

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Study finds climate impact of long distance trip can vary by factor of 10 depending upon mode, efficiency and occupancy

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A team from Austria and Norway has found that the climate impact from a long-distance trip (500–1,000 km, or 310–621 miles) can easily vary by a factor of 10 per passenger depending on mode choice, vehicle efficiency, and occupancy. Insert: Zoom in for bus, trains, and cars. Credit: ACS, Borken-Kleefeld et al. Click to enlarge.

Climate 186