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A study by researchers from the University of Oklahoma and the US Naval Research Laboratory has found that biodiesel is easily susceptible to biological degradation by anaerobic bacteria. In a fuel environment, anaerobic conditions prevail whenever heterotrophic microbial respiration consumes oxygen at a rate that exceeds diffusion.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have synthesized manganese-platinum (Mn-Pt) nanocubes that how better electrocatalytic properties than their spherical counterparts. Alloys with Mn and platinum can provide a less expensive, more active catalyst in the PEM environment, the authors note. Article ASAP doi: 10.1021/ja100705j.
Credit: International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (I²CNER), Kyushu University. By wrapping the support in the polybenzimidazole polymer we successfully developed with platinum, we created a much better support environment for the gold nanoparticles. Click to enlarge.
Researchers at the University of Delaware have developed a highly selective nanoporous silver catalyst capable of electrochemically reducing carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide with 92% efficiency. Additionally, because it is inorganic, silver remains more stable under harsh catalytic environments. Hutchings, Yannick C.
Previously, we knew these bacteria would secrete enzymes that would then freely diffuse into their environment. We assumed that the enzymes would by chance stick to either cellulose or a piece of biomass in their environment and start to degrade it. The extremely thermophilic, cellulose-degrading Caldicellulosiruptor bescii.
Each article describes the details of the calculations for each step of harmonization. Each article took a slightly different approach, demonstrating the flexibility of the harmonization approach. —Heath and Mann. — JIE editor-in-chief Reid Lifset.
A team at the University of South Carolina synthesized a titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and platinum catalyst supported on TiO 2 (Pt/TiO 2 ) for use in a fuel cell. The University of South Carolina catalyst addresses the conductivity issue, while offering a solution to the stability issue posed by Pt/C catalysts.
The authors are Pushker Kharecha and James Hansen from NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies & Columbia University Earth Institute (GISS); Charles Kutscher from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory; and Edward Mazria from 2030 Inc./ Technol Articles ASAP doi: 10.1021/es903884a. Architecture 2030. Kharecha, Charles F.
of Chemical and Biological Engineering at the University of new Mexico. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, the Center for Microengineered Materials and the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology at the University of New Mexico. alumina” Nature Communications 5, Article number: 4885 doi: 10.1038/ncomms5885.
Miscanthus, a perennial grass with vast potential to produce biomass, would deliver even better yields than once thought in Iowa, according to research by agronomists at Iowa State University. The article also reports that yields in the second year of the study were not significantly lower than the third year.
Many large journal publishers have made the scholarly communication environment fiscally unsustainable and academically restrictive. Even though scholarly output continues to grow and publishing can be expensive, profit margins of 35% and more suggest that the prices we must pay do not solely result from an increasing supply of new articles.
Researchers at Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, have improved the performance of sodium-ion batteries ( earlier post ) by using tailor-made carbon materials with hierarchical porosity for the anode instead of common carbon-based anode materials. Energy Environ. Advance Article doi: 10.1039/C1EE01744F.
Henry Chair, Professor of Civil & Environmental Engineering at the University of Iowa and the Editor of the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology is calling on Gulf researchers to consider submitting their scientific articles about the oil spill to ES&T. Schnoor (2010) The Gulf Oil Spill Environ.
A new review article in the journal Science highlights emerging opportunities to increase the transformation of lignin to value-added products—i.e., lignin valorization. Such insights may help redesign lignin within its cross-linked complex biological matrix to meet subsequent process and end product goals. —Ragauskas et al.
Polar Observation and Modelling at University College London (UCL). an accepted article. Haas of York University, Canada Research Chair for Arctic Sea Ice. The research was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, the European Space Agency, the German Aerospace Center, Alberta. —Professor Christian.
A 2008 study by Simon Donner of the University of British Columbia and Chris Kucharik of the University of Wisconsin concluded that ramping up the production of corn ethanol to meet the targets set by the new US Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) would worsen pollution in the Gulf of Mexico, increasing the growing hypoxic region.
With support from the National Science Foundation (NSF), a team of Stanford University engineers has for the first time built a tiny computer with 178 transistors made from carbon nanotubes, a semiconductor material that may replace silicon in computer chips. The research was led by Stanford professors Subhasish Mitra and H.S. Philip Wong.
Elements of these solution sets were introduced by SMART in a 2006 article entitled “ New Mobility: The Next Generation of Sustainable Urban Transportation ,” in the Bridge Magazine of the National Academy of Engineers. Of 9 reports from the TEF project, four deal with reducing transportation demand. The five themes are: Systems integration.
The approach centered on accurate detection of traffic environments using cooperative sensing and perception, comprehensive situation assessment to precisely evaluate collision risks, and subsequent activation of appropriate advance protection measures. Earlier post.).
But a new study led by Sujay Kaushal of the University of Maryland warns that introducing salt into the environment—whether it's for de-icing roads, fertilizing farmland or other purposes—releases toxic chemical cocktails that create a serious and growing global threat to our freshwater supply and human health.
Article ASAP doi: 10.1021/es102671x. t, and societal acceptability of this and other approaches to CO 2 emissions reduction and ocean acidity mitigation. —Greg Rau. Rau; CO 2 Mitigation via Capture and Chemical Conversion in Seawater.
Authors of the study included: Christopher Kennedy, University of Toronto. Julia Steinberger, University of Klagenfurt. Barrie Gasson, University of Cape Town. Yvonne Hansen, University of Cape Town. Timothy Hillman, University of Colorado. Miroslav Havránek, Charles UniversityEnvironment Center.
ULTIMATE projects address two target temperature levels and seek to develop ultrahigh temperature materials for continuous operation at 1300 ºC (2372 ºF) in a stand-alone material test environment or at 1800 ºC (3272 ºF) with coatings and cooling. University of Maryland. University of Virginia.
Shindell, professor of climate science at Duke University’s Nicholas School of the Environment, co-authored the paper with colleagues from the Institute for Governance & Sustainable Development in Washington, D.C.;
Scientists from the University of Maryland (UMD), Baidu Research and the University of Hong Kong have developed a photo-realistic simulation system for training and validating self-driving vehicles. But to ensure safety, autonomous vehicles must evaluate and respond to the driving environment without fail. Resources. Gong, W.
Researchers at Fudan University (Shanghai, China) have converted the marine macroalgae Enteromorpha prolifera , one of the main algae genera for “green tide”—massive algal blooms caused by eutrophication of marine water bodies—to bio-oil by hydrothermal liquefaction in a batch reactor at temperatures of 220-320 °C. and Enteromorpha sp.,
Researchers at Colorado State University have found that a microalgae biodiesel process using currently available technologies can show improvement in lifecycle GHG emissions and net energy ratio (NER) compared to soybean-based biodiesel. Article ASAP doi: 10.1021/es102052. Credit: ACS, Click to enlarge.
Supernova explosions, the catastrophic self-destruction of certain types of worn-out stars, are intimately tied to life on Earth because they are the birthplaces of heavy elements across the universe. Sadly, my grandfather is not here to see our article completed. Interstellar material consists mostly of hydrogen.)
National planners’ enthusiasm for the species rubbed off easily on research organizations and Universities that rely heavily on the Planning Commission for funding and some of these institutions themselves became partners in raising Jatropha plantations. Environmental Science & Technology Article ASAP doi: /10.1021/es201943.
Researchers at the University of Leeds (UK) have developed a novel nano-Ni/SiO 2 catalyst that appears effective in the production of hydrogen from the steam reforming of ethanol. Article ASAP doi: 10.1021/es100912w. A paper on their work was published 2 July in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. Wu and Williams.
Article ASAP doi: 10.1021/es903766w. Cunping Huang, Clovis A. Linkous, Olawale Adebiyi and Ali T-Raissi (2010) Hydrogen Production via Photolytic Oxidation of Aqueous Sodium Sulfite Solutions.
Article ASAP doi: 10.1021/es901515y. Shane Stephens-Romero, Marc Carreras-Sospedra, Jacob Brouwer, Donald Dabdub, Scott Samuelsen (2009) Determining Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impacts of Hydrogen Infrastructure and Fuel Cell Vehicles.
In a new study published online 10 March in the ACS journal Environmental Science and Technology , however, Stanford University professor Mark Jacobson finds that local CO 2 emissions in isolation may increase local ozone and particulate matter. Articles ASAP doi: 10.1021/es903018m. Mark Jacobson.
At the current pace of research and development, replacing gasoline and diesel with renewable fuel alternatives could take some 131 years, according to a new University of California, Davis, study using a new sustainability forecasting approach based on market expectations. Article ASAP doi: 10.1021/es100730q. —Deb Niemeier.
The new nanoparticle-based catalyst could help oil refineries make the process of manufacturing gasoline more efficient, reduce the impact on the environment, and produce higher-octane gasoline. Article ASAP doi: 10.1021/ja105519y. A paper on their work was published online in the Journal of the American Chemical Society on 3 Sep.
Increased availability of low CO 2 sources of electricity and hydrogen could counter-intuitively delay, rather than accelerate, a large-scale transition to an electric and/or hydrogen vehicle fleet, according to a new study by researchers from Ford Motor Company and Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden. Anderson, S. Mueller, M.
South Dakota State University was the lead institution for the more than $20-million project which began in 2007. An article on environmental mapping of biomass resources in the continental United States will also be published in that issue. There’s not one that makes sense everywhere; it’s more of a localized environment.”
The JGR-Atmospheres Editors decided to provide a platform for this article because we believe that there is great scientific value in reviewing, assessing, and synthesizing a large body of existing literature, and by going beyond the conclusions that any individual paper can reach. In a special comment on the significance of the Bond et al.
Assumptions about oil’s influence on politics in the Middle East should be reversed, according to a new article from an expert at Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy. Instead of oil buttressing autocracy, the article argues that autocracy among oil exporters buttresses oil by encouraging consumption.
A study by a team from the University of Cambridge (UK) and MIT attributes ~8,000 premature mortalities per year to aircraft cruise emissions. Article ASAP. perturbation (µg/m 3 ) attributable to aviation. Credit: ACS, Barrett et al. Click to enlarge. Barrett, Rex E. Britter and Ian A. doi: 10.1021/es101325r.
Although China and India remain the world’s largest consumers of coal, a new University of Maryland-led study found that China’s sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 75% since 2007, while India’s emissions increased by 50%. Illustration: Chris McLinden, Environment and Climate Change Canada. Click to enlarge.
In response to the ongoing discussion about the reliability of the UN IPCC and the climate reports, a group of 55 leading Dutch scientists working in the field of climate change, energy and the environment wrote an open letter. Wim Turkenburg, Utrecht University. Rik Leemans, Wageningen University. Nick van de Giesen, TU Delft.
A team from the University of Exeter (UK), with support from Shell Technology Centre Thorton, has modified strains of E. Hydrocarbons produced by cells expressing the synthetic alkane pathway (CEDDEC) or the cyanobacterial alkane pathway (AR and AD from N. punctiforme) without modifications to the fatty acid pool. Howard et al.
This is a sponsored article brought to you by Khalifa University of Science and Technology. Khalifa University will be hosting IROS 2024 to highlight the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region’s rapidly advancing capabilities in the robotics and intelligent transport systems.
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