Alternative Fuels, Cost Of and Gasoline

Argonne study finds BEVs can have lowest scheduled maintenance costs, but highest cost of driving

Green Car Congress

JUNE 15, 2021

Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory, with colleagues from Lawrence Berkeley, Oak Ridge, and National Renewable Energy labs, and the University of Tennessee, have published a comprehensive analysis of the total cost of ownership (TCO) for 12 sizes of vehicles ranging from compact sedans up to Class 8 tractors with sleeper cabs.

Maintenance

Maintenance Cost Of Chad Plug-in

AT&T deploys 4,000th alternative fuel vehicle

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 4, 2011

AT&T has deployed its 4,000 th alternative-fuel vehicle (AFV) in its US corporate fleet. The vehicles are part of AT&T’s planned 10-year initiative to invest up to $565 million to replace approximately 15,000 fleet vehicles with alternative fuel models through 2018.

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Fuel Illinois Vehicles

Analysis finds annual running cost of EVs less than ICE; but with purchase price factored in, it flips

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 9, 2020

Self Financial, a fintech company, has compared the running costs of electric and non-electric vehicles in each state. Across the US the average annual cost of running an electric vehicle is $2,721.96, while gasoline vehicles cost an average of $3,355.90 per year to run—a difference of $633.94

Purchase

Purchase Cost Of Price Gasoline-Electric

President Obama announces $1B National Community Deployment Challenge to spur deployment of alternative-fuel vehicles; new purchasing incentives; new EV Everywhere research grand challenge

Green Car Congress

MARCH 7, 2012

US President Barack Obama announced a new $1-billion National Community Deployment Challenge to spur deployment of advanced alternative fuel vehicles in communities around the country.

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Obama Purchase Tax Credit

Survey Finds US Hybrids and Diesels Beat Gasoline Models on Full Cost of Ownership

Green Car Congress

JULY 9, 2009

An IntelliChoice.com survey finds that most 2009 US hybrid and clean diesel cars, trucks and SUVs deliver a lower total cost of ownership compared to gasoline versions of the same (or comparable) vehicles. the Ford Escape Hybrid is compared against the conventional, gasoline-fueled Ford Escape. Tax credits matter.

Cost Of

Cost Of Gasoline Diesel Hybrid

MIT study finds fuel economy standards are 6-14 times less cost effective than fuel tax for reducing gasoline use

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 21, 2013

In a study published in the journal Energy Economics , MIT researchers have found that a fuel economy standard is at least six to fourteen times less cost effective than a fuel tax when targeting an identical reduction in cumulative gasoline use (20% by 2050).

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy MIT Fuel Tax Economy

Lux Research projects methanol-to-gasoline most competitive route for liquid fuels from natural gas or waste

Green Car Congress

JULY 26, 2013

The price disparity between crude oil and other resources, coupled with the emergence of cheap and abundant shale gas, especially in the United States, is opening up opportunities to produce cheaper gasoline, according to a new report from Lux Research. Among their findings: Methanol-to-gasoline is the cheapest option.

Waste

Waste Gasoline Gas Fuel

UPS collaborating with Workhorse to deploy 50 electric trucks; rivaling acquisition cost of conventional; no subsidies

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 23, 2018

The new trucks will join UPS’ Rolling Lab, a growing fleet of more than 9,000 alternative fuel and advanced technology vehicles. UPS has approximately 35,000 diesel or gasoline trucks in its fleet that are comparable in size and are used in routes with duty cycles, or daily miles traveled similar to the new electric vehicles.

Cost Of

Cost Of Alternative Fuels Gasoline-Electric Los Angeles

Study finds isopropanol-n-butanol-ethanol and gasoline blend viable as alternative fuel

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 4, 2016

Researchers from the University of Illinois and colleagues in China investigating the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a port fuel-injection SI engine fueled with isopropanol-n-butanol-ethanol (IBE)-gasoline blends have concluded that an IBE30 blend could be a good alternative to gasoline.

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Gasoline Fuel Emissions

Techno-economic Study of Bio-oil to Naptha and Diesel Finds Calculated Costs Competitive with Other Kinds of Alternative Fuels

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 1, 2010

A team from Iowa State University and ConocoPhillips, Biofuels R&D performed a techno-economic study examining the fast pyrolysis of corn stover to bio-oil with subsequent upgrading of the bio-oil to naphtha and diesel range fuels. Capital costs for these plants are $287 and $200 million. Fuel product value estimates are $3.09

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Oil Iowa Diesel

Tsinghua Study Finds That Conventional Three-Way Catalyst Can Handle the Unregulated Emissions from Low-Content Methanol-Gasoline Blends

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 5, 2009

At the tailpipe, the TWC ultimately reduced the regulated and unregulated emissions from the methanol-gasoline engine to the same levels as those generated by a conventional gasoline engine. A paper on their study was published online 3 December in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels.

Gasoline

Gasoline Emissions Alternative Fuels Engine

Indianapolis plans to add 425 PHEVs and BEVs to municipal fleet by 2016

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 29, 2014

Additionally, to unlock maximum savings for the City, Vision Fleet will utilize its comprehensive suite of technology, data analytics, and operational support designed specifically for reducing the cost of ownership of alternatively fueled vehicles.

Indianapolis

Indianapolis 2016 Fleet PHEV

Navigant forecasts US military spending on non-tactical alt drive vehicles to more than double to $926M by 2020 from 2013; 11.4% CAGR

Green Car Congress

JULY 5, 2013

Navigant forecasts that annual fuel consumption in the non-tactical fleet will decrease by a 2.5% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) almost from more than 81 million gasoline gallon equivalents (GGEs) in 2013 to just fewer than 70 million GGEs in 2020 due in part to increased use of alternative fuel vehicles.

2013

2013 2020 Alternative Fuels Vehicles

Two case studies outline how Houston and Loveland are saving money with EVs in their fleets

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 17, 2013

found that the city’s LEAFs will cost 41% less to own and operate than gasoline-powered vehicles. Houston first began using electric vehicles for the environmental benefits they offer, but now we are planning to add even more EVs to our fleet because of the cost savings they bring. A similar study examining Loveland, Colo.

Houston

Houston Fleet Tax Credit Plug-in

CleanFUEL USA partners with Freightliner on new 8.0L propane LPI medium-duty engine

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 16, 2010

CleanFUEL USA, a leading supplier of alternative fuel infrastructure and propane engine systems, will build and certify a multi-purpose 8-liter General Motors (GM) propane engine in partnership with Freightliner Custom Chassis Corporation (FCCC), a subsidiary of Daimler Trucks North America. medium-duty engine, as well as a 6.0L

USA

USA Engine Alternative Fuels Gasoline

California Energy Commission adopts $100M investment plan update for 2012-2013 to increase use of green vehicles and alt fuels

Green Car Congress

MAY 10, 2012

The California Energy Commission unanimously adopted a 2012-2013 Investment Plan Update to increase the use of green vehicles and alternative fuels. 11 million for hydrogen cell fueling stations. . $3 3 million for other fueling infrastructure, including $1.5 million for natural gas. $25

2012

2012 2013 Green Vehicles California

California Energy Commission awards $500K to advance green transportation-

Green Car Congress

JULY 12, 2012

The California Energy Commission approved funding of $505,329 for alternative-fuel vehicles and the installation of fueling stations that dispense alternative and renewable fuels. Buy-down incentives, totaling $122,000, will be awarded for 15 alternative-fuel vehicles.

California

California Energy Los Angeles Transportation

California Energy Commission adopts $100M investment plan for 2013-2014 for green vehicles and fuels

Green Car Congress

MAY 9, 2013

The California Energy Commission unanimously adopted the 2013-2014 Investment Plan Update to support the development and use of green vehicles and alternative fuels. These incentives help to pay the difference between the cost of alternative-fuel vehicles and conventional vehicles.

Green Vehicles

Green Vehicles California 2014 2013

EIA AEO2012 projects potential impacts of significant breakthroughs in battery technology

Green Car Congress

JULY 2, 2012

If the major developments in battery system prices projected in the High Technology Battery case were to take place, the cost per kilowatt hour (kWh) to consumers of such battery storage drops to $135 by 2035, as opposed to $304 per kWh projected in the Reference case. Cost to consumers of battery storage in two AEO cases.

Batteries

Batteries Battery Gasoline-Electric Recharge

New US National Clean Fleets Partnership; ATT, FedEx, PepsiCo, UPS and Verizon charter members

Green Car Congress

APRIL 1, 2011

This public-private partnership is intended to help large companies reduce diesel and gasoline use in their fleets by incorporating electric vehicles, alternative fuels, and fuel-saving measures into their daily operations. Partners will benefit from opportunities for collaboration with DOE and their peers, as well as.

Fleet

Fleet Clean Cleaning Obama

UC Davis report finds LCFS compliance costs may rise rapidly; recommends offsetting measures

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 30, 2013

The LCFS program calls for a 10% reduction in the carbon intensity of fuel sold in California over the next decade. Obligated parties are upstream producers and importers of gasoline and diesel fuel sold in the state. The program is agnostic as to which fuels can be used to meet the Standard.

Davis

Davis Alternative Fuels Boston Consulting Group Price

DOE researchers investigate economic and environmental impacts of converting wet waste to renewable diesel

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 3, 2022

Given the nature of wet waste resources that requires dedicated waste management practices to collect, store, treat, and dispose of the waste, shifting the waste resources from going through conventional waste management practices to utilization as feedstocks for energy production may represent an avoided cost of waste management and disposal.

Waste

Waste Diesel Renewable Convert

GAO Report Concludes Plug-in Vehicles Offer Potential Benefits, but High Costs and Limited Information Could Hinder Integration into the Federal Fleet; Recommended Actions

Green Car Congress

JUNE 25, 2009

In addition, the report says, research suggests that for plug-ins to be cost-effective relative to gasoline vehicles the price of batteries must come down significantly and gasoline prices must be high relative to electricity.

Plug-in

Plug-in Plug Fleet Alternative Fuels

Ford EcoLPi Falcon goes on sale in Australia; new liquid injection LPG engine delivers more performance, lower fuel consumption

Green Car Congress

JULY 1, 2011

The new EcoLPi in-line six-cylinder engine is an advanced liquid phase injection, dedicated LPG powerplant that produces 27% more power and 10% more torque than previous E-Gas LPG system, while at the same time reducing fuel consumption by 12-15%. Engine performance is equivalent to that of the existing gasoline-fueled I6.

Australia

Australia Ford Engine Fuel

Primus Green Energy to support gas-to-liquids research at Princeton University; comparing STG+ to other GTL platforms

Green Car Congress

MARCH 28, 2013

STG+ technology converts syngas into drop-in high-octane gasoline and jet fuel with a conversion efficiency of ~35% by mass of syngas into liquid transportation fuels (the highest documented conversion efficiency in the industry) or greater than 70% by mass of natural gas. Schematic diagram of the Primus STG+ process.

Universal

Universal Gas Green Energy

DeCicco: Transportation GHG reduction policy should focus upstream on fuel supply rather than downstream on choice of fuels in vehicles

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 25, 2013

John DeCicco at the University of Michigan argues that to reduce transportation sector greenhouse gas emissions, the proper policy focus should be upstream in sectors that provide the fuel, rather than downstream on the choice of fuels in the automobile. The paper is available from the Social Science Research Network (SSRN).

Fuel

Fuel Supplies Transportation Climate Protection

SEAT pushes forward with CNG line-up

Green Car Congress

APRIL 9, 2019

A CNG vehicle reduces CO 2 emissions by about 25% compared to a gasoline-driven equivalent. With CNG technology SEAT has the advantage of being able to offer customers a real alternative that is both effective and modern, in a vehicle that costs virtually the same as an equivalent diesel model.

Gasoline-Electric

Gasoline-Electric Gasoline Gas Gas-Electric

California Energy Commission awards more than $5.5M for green transportation projects and $1.8M for 20 energy research projects

Green Car Congress

MARCH 21, 2013

Its benefits include the reduction of an estimated 32,000 tons of greenhouse gas emissions annually—roughly equivalent to the greenhouse gas emissions produced by 5,850 gasoline vehicles in a year. Buy-down incentives totaling $560,000 were approved for 35 alternative-fuel propane vehicles. Motiv Power Systems, Inc.

San Diego

San Diego California Energy Transportation

DOE issues $10M incubator FOA for batteries, power electronics, engines, materials, fuels and lubricants

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 18, 2014

As described in multiple DOE reports, the main barriers to widespread PEV commercialization are the cost; performance and life; and abuse tolerance of high?energy Specifically: the current cost of high?energy Temperature Combustion (LTC), (2) Dilute Gasoline Combustion, and (3) Clean Diesel Combustion. energy batteries.

Carbon Fiber

Carbon Fiber Engine Battery Powered Fuel

EIA Energy Outlook 2013 reference case sees drop in fossil fuel consumption as use of petroleum-based liquid fuels falls; projects 20% higher sales of hybrids and PHEVs than AEO2012

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 5, 2012

Transportation sector gasoline demand declines. quadrillion Btu in 2035, as a result of fuel economy improvements achieved through stock turnover as older, less efficient vehicles are replaced by newer, more fuel-efficient vehicles. Motor gasoline consumption will be less than previously estimated. Click to enlarge.

Fuel

Fuel Energy 2013 Sale

BCG study finds conventional automotive technologies have high CO2 reduction potential at lower cost; stiff competition for electric cars

Green Car Congress

JUNE 15, 2011

BCG comparison of the CO 2 reduction potential and cost of different technologies. In addition, the cost to the consumer would be about $50 to $60 per percent CO 2 reduction—roughly half the cost of what was expected three years ago. Source: BCG. Click to enlarge. Source: BCG. Click to enlarge.

CO2

CO2 Electric Cars 2020 Gasoline-Electric

SAE International releases 2nd edition of book on hybrid vehicle design

Green Car Congress

MARCH 16, 2011

Also, other commercialized alternative fuel technologies, including diesels, fuel cells, electric vehicles, and high efficiency gasoline cars are providing additional competition to the market. Reducing the cost of hybrid technology implementation. Engineering of vehicles will be the differentiator for consumers.

International

International Hybrid Design Vehicles

New US National Clean Fleets Partnership; ATT, FedEx, PepsiCo, UPS and Verizon charter members

Green Car Congress

APRIL 1, 2011

This public-private partnership is intended to help large companies reduce diesel and gasoline use in their fleets by incorporating electric vehicles, alternative fuels, and fuel-saving measures into their daily operations. Partners will benefit from opportunities for collaboration with DOE and their peers, as well as.

Fleet

Fleet Clean Cleaning Obama

Belfer Center report calls for policymakers to begin taking steps to change policies for funding US transportation infrastructure

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 23, 2010

The demand for new roads and the cost of expanding and maintaining the transportation system have increased with population and economic growth. But fuel tax revenues have not kept pace because the federal government and most states have not increased gasoline tax rates since early 1990s, while inflation has eroded their real buying power.

Transportation

Transportation Fuel Tax Tax Gasoline-Electric

Hempstead Town, NYSERDA and National Grid Launch Long Islands First Hydrogen/HCNG Fuel Station

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 26, 2009

Hempstead Town’s new fueling station is a major research and demonstration project that will help to assess the viability of hydrogen and HCNG as alternative fuels, with the goal of identifying cleaner alternatives to gasoline that will reduce fossil fuel dependency.

Grid

Grid Hydrogen Fuel New York

Toyota Advanced Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle Achieves 431 Mile Estimated Range; Toyota Targeting Commercialization Within Six Years

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 7, 2009

For comparison, the 2009 Toyota Highland Hybrid achieves an EPA-estimated rating of 26 mpg combined fuel economy and has a full-tank range of approximately 450 miles. With premium grade gasoline currently priced at about $3.25, the gasoline-powered V6 Highlander hybrid is estimated to travel approximately 26 miles at a cost of about $3.25.

Toyota

Toyota Miles San Diego Hybrid

Ford to offer new diesel engine option in new Transit van; new Vehicle Emissions and Fuel Cost Calculator

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2012

Ford also has developed a specialized new tool to help optimize fleet purchases based on specific fuel types and operating locations. For example, the tool can demonstrate how operating an electric vehicle in Portland, Ore., has different environmental ramifications from operating one in Philadelphia.

Ford

Ford Emissions Diesel Engine

UPS pre-orders 125 Tesla electric Semis

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 19, 2017

The new tractors will join UPS’ extensive alternative fuel and advanced technology vehicle fleet, comprising trucks and tractors propelled by electricity, natural gas, propane and other non-traditional fuels. Earlier post.) Tesla’s driver-assistance features have been found by the US government to reduce crash rates by 40%.

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Tesla Gas-Electric 2016

Opinion: Debunking the mythsWhy fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are viable for the mass market

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 7, 2014

Despite the recent progress, a number of myths around the use, power efficiency and cost of fuel cells still exist. This is not much different from diesel and gasoline which are produced from refining and cleaning crude oil (a process which heavily involves the use of hydrogen).

Fuel

Fuel Electric Vehicles Market Hydrogen

Hyundai to offer Tucson Fuel Cell vehicle to LA-area retail customers in spring 2014; Honda, Toyota show latest FCV concepts targeting 2015 launch

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 21, 2013

Hyundai will initially offer the Tucson Fuel Cell to customers in the Los Angeles/Orange County region for $499 per month for a 36-month term, with $2,999 down. When we spoke to customers interesting in driving a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, many wondered what the cost of hydrogen would be. —John Krafcik. Click to enlarge.

Tucson

Tucson Honda Hyundai Concept

Review: Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD with bi-fuel CNG option

Green Car Congress

JULY 14, 2014

In the case of the 2500HD bi-fuel, the two main trade-offs are a reduction in power and torque in CNG mode compared to gasoline mode, and the loss of a portion of the bed of the truck to the 3,600 psi CNG tank and its box-like enclosure. (It Emissions reductions (%) of new NGVs compared to new gasoline and diesel vehicles (2012).

Silverado

Silverado Chevrolet Fuel Gasoline-Electric

Porsche, Siemens Energy and partners advance climate-neutral eFuels development; Haru Oni pilot in Chile

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 3, 2020

The result is renewable methanol, which can be converted into climate-friendly fuel using an MTG (Methanol To Gasoline) technology to be licensed and supported by ExxonMobil. Part of the e-Methanol will be converted to e-Gasoline (130,000 liters per year). Porsche will be the primary customer for the green fuel.

Chile

Chile Porsche Climate Energy

Study for European Parliament assesses options for turning CO2 into methanol for use in transport

Green Car Congress

MAY 25, 2014

The study evaluated costs and benefits from a life cycle perspective in order to compare various raw materials for producing methanol and in order to reflect the potential benefits of methanol obtained from CO 2. The need for bringing down the costs of captured CO 2 and stimulating its potential uses, among them methanol production.

Transportation

Transportation CO2 Carbon Hydrogen

DOE to Award Up to $300M in Stimulus Bill Funding for Projects to Expand Use of Alt-Fuel and Advanced Technology Vehicles

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 23, 2009

The US Department of Energy has issued a $300-million Funding Opportunity Announcement ( DE-PS26-09NT01236-04 ) for applications for cost-shared projects that expand the use of alternative fueled vehicles and advanced technology vehicles. The other areas of interest include: Refueling Infrastructure for alternative fuels.

Stimulus

Stimulus Alternative Fuels Fuel Golf Cart

Argonne study finds BEVs can have lowest scheduled maintenance costs, but highest cost of driving

AT&T deploys 4,000th alternative fuel vehicle

Analysis finds annual running cost of EVs less than ICE; but with purchase price factored in, it flips

President Obama announces $1B National Community Deployment Challenge to spur deployment of alternative-fuel vehicles; new purchasing incentives; new EV Everywhere research grand challenge

Survey Finds US Hybrids and Diesels Beat Gasoline Models on Full Cost of Ownership

MIT study finds fuel economy standards are 6-14 times less cost effective than fuel tax for reducing gasoline use

Lux Research projects methanol-to-gasoline most competitive route for liquid fuels from natural gas or waste

UPS collaborating with Workhorse to deploy 50 electric trucks; rivaling acquisition cost of conventional; no subsidies

Study finds isopropanol-n-butanol-ethanol and gasoline blend viable as alternative fuel

Techno-economic Study of Bio-oil to Naptha and Diesel Finds Calculated Costs Competitive with Other Kinds of Alternative Fuels

Tsinghua Study Finds That Conventional Three-Way Catalyst Can Handle the Unregulated Emissions from Low-Content Methanol-Gasoline Blends

Indianapolis plans to add 425 PHEVs and BEVs to municipal fleet by 2016

Navigant forecasts US military spending on non-tactical alt drive vehicles to more than double to $926M by 2020 from 2013; 11.4% CAGR

Two case studies outline how Houston and Loveland are saving money with EVs in their fleets

CleanFUEL USA partners with Freightliner on new 8.0L propane LPI medium-duty engine

California Energy Commission adopts $100M investment plan update for 2012-2013 to increase use of green vehicles and alt fuels

California Energy Commission awards $500K to advance green transportation-

California Energy Commission adopts $100M investment plan for 2013-2014 for green vehicles and fuels

EIA AEO2012 projects potential impacts of significant breakthroughs in battery technology

New US National Clean Fleets Partnership; ATT, FedEx, PepsiCo, UPS and Verizon charter members

UC Davis report finds LCFS compliance costs may rise rapidly; recommends offsetting measures

DOE researchers investigate economic and environmental impacts of converting wet waste to renewable diesel

GAO Report Concludes Plug-in Vehicles Offer Potential Benefits, but High Costs and Limited Information Could Hinder Integration into the Federal Fleet; Recommended Actions

Ford EcoLPi Falcon goes on sale in Australia; new liquid injection LPG engine delivers more performance, lower fuel consumption

Primus Green Energy to support gas-to-liquids research at Princeton University; comparing STG+ to other GTL platforms

DeCicco: Transportation GHG reduction policy should focus upstream on fuel supply rather than downstream on choice of fuels in vehicles

SEAT pushes forward with CNG line-up

California Energy Commission awards more than $5.5M for green transportation projects and $1.8M for 20 energy research projects

DOE issues $10M incubator FOA for batteries, power electronics, engines, materials, fuels and lubricants

EIA Energy Outlook 2013 reference case sees drop in fossil fuel consumption as use of petroleum-based liquid fuels falls; projects 20% higher sales of hybrids and PHEVs than AEO2012

BCG study finds conventional automotive technologies have high CO2 reduction potential at lower cost; stiff competition for electric cars

SAE International releases 2nd edition of book on hybrid vehicle design

New US National Clean Fleets Partnership; ATT, FedEx, PepsiCo, UPS and Verizon charter members

Belfer Center report calls for policymakers to begin taking steps to change policies for funding US transportation infrastructure

Hempstead Town, NYSERDA and National Grid Launch Long Islands First Hydrogen/HCNG Fuel Station

Toyota Advanced Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle Achieves 431 Mile Estimated Range; Toyota Targeting Commercialization Within Six Years

Ford to offer new diesel engine option in new Transit van; new Vehicle Emissions and Fuel Cost Calculator

UPS pre-orders 125 Tesla electric Semis

Opinion: Debunking the mythsWhy fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are viable for the mass market

Hyundai to offer Tucson Fuel Cell vehicle to LA-area retail customers in spring 2014; Honda, Toyota show latest FCV concepts targeting 2015 launch

Review: Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD with bi-fuel CNG option

Porsche, Siemens Energy and partners advance climate-neutral eFuels development; Haru Oni pilot in Chile

Study for European Parliament assesses options for turning CO2 into methanol for use in transport

DOE to Award Up to $300M in Stimulus Bill Funding for Projects to Expand Use of Alt-Fuel and Advanced Technology Vehicles

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