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In 2017, emissions from GHG emitting activities statewide were 424 million metric tons of CO 2 equivalent (MMTCO 2 e), 5 MMTCO 2 e lower than 2016 levels and 7 MMTCO 2 e below the 2020 GHG Limit of 431 MMTCO 2 e. Compared to 2016, California’s GDP grew 3.6% while the carbon intensity of its economy declined by 4.5%.
California statewide GHG emissions dropped below the 2020 GHG Limit in 2016 and have remained below the 2020 GHG Limit since then. in 2018 (2000-2018 average year-over-year increase is 6.8%), continuing the increasing trend as they replace Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) being phased out under the 1987 Montreal Protocol.
The MIT group paid especially close attention to how changes in emissions caused by policy translate into improvements in local and regional air quality, using comprehensive models of both the economy and the atmosphere. In 2011, 231 counties in the US exceeded the EPA’s regulatory standards for ozone, the main component of smog.
That the reduction has not materialized—and that global emissions have instead risen—is a puzzle, and may have implications for the Montreal Protocol, the international treaty that was designed to protect the stratospheric ozone layer.
Concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere surged at a record-breaking speed in 2016 to the highest level in 800,000 years, according to the World Meteorological Organization’s Greenhouse Gas Bulletin. parts per million in 2016, up from 400.00 parts per million in 2016, up from 400.00 ppm in 2015. Nitrous Oxide.
Ethane reacts with sunlight and other molecules in the atmosphere to form ozone, which at the surface can cause respiratory problems, eye irritation and other ailments and damage crops. A snapshot from a simulation of how Bakken oil field hydrocarbon emissions including ethane affect North American ground-level ozone concentrations.
Two maps compare total annual sulfur dioxide amounts for India and China during 2005 (left) and 2016 based on Ozone Monitoring Instrument measurements. Illustration: Chris McLinden, Environment and ClimateChange Canada. They also cannot account for changing conditions or unforeseen policies. Click to enlarge.
As a result, the market share of GDI-equipped vehicles has increased dramatically over the past decade and is expected to reach 50% of new gasoline vehicles sold in 2016. Widespread adoption of new engine technologies raises concerns about changes in emissions and their effects on air quality and the climate.
SLCPs may account for an estimated 40% of global warming, increasing the impacts of climatechange. The “Kigali Amendment” resulting from the annual Montreal Protocol Meeting of Parties in October 2016 in Kigali, Rwanda targets phasing down the production of HFCs globally.
In 2004, the Centralina region (the Greater Charlotte metro area, which straddles the North CarolinaSouth Carolina border) was designated as a non-attainment area for ozone under the Clean Air Act. They followed through and introduced the Coradia iLint train in 2016. Thompson stepped forward with an idea he thought would help.
Mandatory regional criteria pollutant reduction targets will be established in the 2016 State Implementation Plans (SIPs) with expected reductions on the order of 90% below 2010 levels in the South Coast and similar reductions in the San Joaquin Valley by the year 2032.
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