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Although halogens released from long-lived anthropogenic substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), are the principal cause of the recent depletion of stratospheric ozone, recent observations show that very short-lived substances (VSLS), with lifetimes generally under six months, are also an important source of stratospheric halogens.
Exposure to ozone, long associated with impaired lung function, is also connected to health changes that can cause cardiovascular disease such as heart attack, high blood pressure and stroke, according to a new study of Chinese adults. The findings associated ozone exposure with markers of platelet activation and increased blood pressure.
Climate response to non-CO 2 vehicle emissions. Bars on the right show uncertainty ranges for 2070, including contributions from both forcing and climate sensitivity (67%; CI). Bars on the right show uncertainty ranges for 2070, including contributions from both forcing and climate sensitivity (67%; CI). Shindell et al.
Some of the substitutes for ozone-damaging chemicals that being phased out worldwide under international agreements are themselves potent greenhouse gases and contribute to warming. This work was supported in part by NOAA’s Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program and NASA’s Atmospheric Composition Program.
The California Air Resources Board (ARB) has released , for public review, a concept paper to initiate discussion on the development of a Short-Lived Climate Pollutant Reduction Strategy. Short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) include methane, tropospheric ozone, black carbon, and fluorinated gases.
The design of the California cap-and-trade program allows linkage with programs established by partner jurisdictions in the Western Climate Initiative (WCI) to create a regional market system. Tags: Climate Change Emissions Fuels Policy. The program is expected to reduce GHG emissions between 18 and 27 MMTCO 2 e in 2020.
Researchers at the University of California, Irvine and other institutions have conducted a statistical analysis of pollution exposure and yields from 1980 to 2015 on a key sector making up about 38% of the state’s total agricultural output: perennial crops such as almonds, grapes, nectarines, peaches, strawberries and walnuts.
The leaders of the world have just returned from the UN's latest climate change summit, COP26 , in which the countries that have signed on to the Paris Agreement upped their commitments to fight climate change. C by the year 2100 , according to Climate Action Tracker. In 2015, the U.S. C above pre-industrial levels.
Starting in 2015, India and China, thought to be the main emitters of HFC-23, announced ambitious plans to abate emissions in factories that produce the gas. This would have been a big win for climate. As a result, they reported that they had almost completely eliminated HFC-23 emissions by 2017. —co-author Dr Matt Rigby.
in collaboration with scientists at the University of York’s Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI); University of Colorado; and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, assessed 30 studies of vehicle emissions under real-world driving conditions in 11 major vehicle markets representing 80% of new diesel vehicle sales in 2015.
The cap-and-trade joins a suite of other major climate program measures including standards for ultra-clean cars (Advanced Clean Cars, earlier post ), low-carbon fuels (Low Carbon Fuel Standard, earlier post ) and renewable electricity. the second, starting in 2015, brings in distributors of transportation fuels, natural gas and other fuels.
In October 2007, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed AB 118 which provides approximately $200 million annually through 2015 to the California Energy Commission, the Bureau of Automotive Repair and the ARB to fund air quality improvement projects that will accelerate clean engine technologies. ARB was appropriated approximately $42.3
The regulation will cover 360 businesses representing 600 facilities and is divided into two broad phases: an initial phase beginning in 2012 that will include all major industrial sources along with utilities; and, a second phase that starts in 2015 and brings in distributors of transportation fuels, natural gas and other fuels.
ppm in 2015 because of a combination of human activities and a strong El Niño event. Since 1990, there has been a 40% increase in total radiative forcing—the warming effect on the climate—by all long-lived greenhouse gases, and a 2.5% ppm in 2015. Globally averaged concentrations of CO 2 reached 403.3
Using a new method of modeling the effects of various sources of outdoor air pollution on death rates, the researchers found that it caused an estimated 790,000 extra deaths in the whole of Europe in 2015 and 659,000 deaths in the 28 Member States of the European Union (EU-28). million deaths in 2015. They focused particularly on PM 2.5
Funding priorities through the ARFVT Program support fuel and vehicle development to help attain the state’s climate change policies. An estimated 68 stations are needed to support the anticipated rollout of these vehicles in 2015-2017. million ZEVs on the state’s roads. 20 million for hydrogen fueling infrastructure.
Sources already subject to the 2012 NSPS requirements for VOC reductions that also would be covered by the proposed 2015 methane requirements would not have to install additional controls, because the controls to reduce VOCs reduce both pollutants. Net benefits are estimated at $35 million to $42 million.
Furthermore, this would also deliver a net annual reduction of at least 200 MtCO 2 e from short-lived climate pollutants in 2030 (using GWP-100 values). Climate benefits in the near-term (estimated using a GWP-20) are more than three times as large given the rapid benefits that the control of black carbon provides. Chambliss et al.
microns or less (PM 2.5 ); and NO x emissions that lead to ozone and secondary PM. ARB will hold an applicant teleconference to answer questions regarding this Grant Solicitation on 21 October 2015. Statewide, they are responsible for 35% of the NO x emissions, 26% of the PM 2.5 emissions, and 5% of GHG emissions.
While that report projected vessel activity, it did not explore the environmental impacts of increased shipping in terms of air emissions or the potential climate impacts from increases in short-lived climate pollutants such as black carbon. —Azzara and Rutherford, ICCT Working Paper 2015-1. Earlier post.).
ARB staff developed this strategy using a multi-pollutant scenario planning tool ( Vision 2.0 ) that quantifies changes in ozone and PM 2.5 is the next generation of ARB’s first Vision scenario planning tool used for ARB’s D raft Vision for Clean Air: A Framework for Air Quality and Climate Planning published in 2012. Vision 2.0
The situation is exacerbated by the physical proximity of a wide range of hazardous material sources—including an ammonia tank and fuel farms—to population centers, and by topographic and climatic conditions that aggravate air pollutant dispersion. MoEP thus launched a new environmental action plan for Haifa Bay in 2015.
In 2014, Volkswagen of America announced that starting with the launch of the zero-tailpipe emissions battery-electric 2015 e-Golf ( earlier post ), it would invest in projects to offset the carbon emissions created from the e-Golf on a full lifecycle basis: production, distribution and up to approximately 36,000 miles (57,936 km) of driving.
A few studies also include other relevant impact indicators as acidification potential, eutrophication potential, ozone depletion potential and various toxicity potentials. Tags: Biomass Cellulosic ethanol Climate Change Emissions Fuels Lifecycle analysis Policy Sustainability. However very few studies include water use impacts.
The update identifies eight key sectors for ongoing action: Energy; Transportation, fuels, land use and infrastructure; Agriculture; Water; Waste management; Natural lands; Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (such as methane and black carbon); and Green Buildings. In addition, fuels will come under California’s Cap-and-Trade Program in 2015.
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