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Counties projected to violate proposed Primary 8-hour Ground-Level OzoneStandards in 2020. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has proposed the strictest standards to date for ground-level ozone. EPA is proposing an accelerated schedule for designating areas for the primary ozonestandard.
Ozone levels across much of North America and Europe dropped significantly between 2000 and 2014. People living in parts of southern Europe, South Korea and southern Japan and China also experienced more than 15 days a year of ozone levels above 70 ppb. Source: University of Leicester. Click to enlarge.
Ozone, the main component of smog, is a plant-damaging pollutant formed by emissions from vehicles, cooking stoves and other sources. New research shows that ozone pollution damaged millions of tons of wheat, rice, soybean and cotton crops in India in 2005. Surface ozone pollution in India damaged 6 million metric tons (6.7
issued its final rule revising the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ground-level ozone to 70 parts per billion (ppb) from 75 ppb to protect public health. Ground-level ozone forms when nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react in the air. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
In China, people breathe ozone-laden air two to six times more often than people in the United States, Europe, Japan, or South Korea, according to a new international study published in Environmental Science & Technology Letters. 2017 for one ozone metric. 2014) are included. 2017 are included.
and ozone deaths, associated mortality rates, and population in G20 economies in 2015. and ozone worldwide in 2010 and ~385,000 in 2015, equivalent to 11.7% and ozone premature deaths in 2010 and 11.4% and ozone concentrations from transportation emissions resulted in 7.8 Transportation-attributable PM 2.5 Together, PM 2.5
Ozone pollution across the continental United States will become far more difficult to keep in check as temperatures rise, according to new work led by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Preliminary global mean CO 2 concentrations in February 2014 were 398.06 Ozone formation. Scenario A2 and RCP 8.5.
Reducing emissions from mobile sources is key to the San Joaquin Valley meeting federal ambient air quality standards. The San Joaquin Valley has been attainment for Carbon Monoxide (CO) since 1994, reached attainment for the federal PM 10 standard in 2008, and demonstrated attainment of the federal 1-hour ozonestandard in 2014.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued final updates to its 2012 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) performance standards for storage tanks used in crude oil and natural gas production and transmission. The new final action does not affect the April 2012 standards for capturing natural gas from hydraulically fractured wells.
The first peer-reviewed study to directly quantify how emissions from oil and natural gas (O&NG) activities influence summertime tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) pollution in the Colorado Front Range confirms that chemical vapors from oil and gas activities are a significant contributor to the region’s chronic ozone problem.
The California Energy Commission unanimously adopted the 2013-2014 Investment Plan Update to support the development and use of green vehicles and alternative fuels. 20 million for hydrogen fueling infrastructure.
The purpose of the federal RFG program is to improve air quality in certain areas through the use of gasoline that is reformulated to reduce motor vehicle emissions that lead to the formation of ground-level ozone. States which are designated by EPA as part of the Ozone Transport Region, such as Maine, can “opt-in” to the program.
The proposed Transport Rule sets in place a new approach that can and will be applied again as further pollution reductions are needed to help areas meet air quality health standards, EPA says. This proposal reduces emissions contributing to fine particle (PM 2.5 ) and ozone nonattainment that often travel across state lines.
NO x emissions in California are the most important contributor to ambient ozone and a key contributor to fine particulate matter pollution (PM 2.5 California is home to both the highest ozone levels (South Coast) and ambient particulate matter levels (San Joaquin Valley) in the United States. 2011-2012 MY Dodge Caliber (PM FWD CVT).
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced two new proposed federal emissions standards spanning light-, medium- and heavy-duty vehicles for model year 2027 and beyond. —Proposed Rule: Multi-Pollutant Emissions Standards for Model Years 2027 and Later Light-Duty and Medium-Duty Vehicles GHG emissions standards.
The California Air Resources Board (ARB or Board) announced a solicitation for a grantee for up to $1 million to support up to two independent projects for demonstration and administration of advanced locomotive technologies that approach, meet, or exceed US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Tier-4 locomotive NO x and PM emission standards (i.e.,
The First Update will be presented to the Board on 22 May 2014 for consideration for approval. Deployment of fuel efficient vehicle tires for in-use vehicles could include limited incentives, followed by ratings and then standard setting to permanently shift the market.
million of Fiscal Year 2013 funds ( FTA-2014-001-TRI ) for the deployment of low- or no-emission (LoNo) transit buses. An Eligible Area for the awards is either: Designated as a non-attainment area for ozone or carbon monoxide under section 107(d) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. Of that amount, $21.6 7407(d)); or.
Selin and colleagues compared the health benefits to the economic costs of three climate policies: a clean-energy standard, a transportation policy, and a cap-and-trade program. In 2011, 231 counties in the US exceeded the EPA’s regulatory standards for ozone, the main component of smog. 14, 969–978 doi: 10.5194/acp-14-969-2014.
Ethane reacts with sunlight and other molecules in the atmosphere to form ozone, which at the surface can cause respiratory problems, eye irritation and other ailments and damage crops. Between 2005 and 2014, the Bakken’s oil production jumped by a factor of 3,500, and its gas production by 180.
We use the data to quantify the effects of engine technology, emission standards, and cold-start on emissions. We estimate ozone and SOA formation potential. All the vehicles were tested using commercial gasoline that met the summertime California fuel standards. —Saliba et al. of the data. of the data. Click to enlarge.
The US Army Corps of Engineers estimates that, as of 2014, there were approximately 9,000 Category 1 and 2 marine vessels operating on US waters. The EPA estimates that, as of 2014, 81% of Category 1 and 2 workboats used older, uncontrolled or Tier 1 diesel engines, which are 10 times higher in emissions than a modern Tier 4 diesel engine.
The transportation sector was responsible for over 7 million tons of NO x emissions in the US in 2014, with 50% of this sector’s NO x attributed to heavy-duty on- and off-road vehicles and equipment. NO x is a precursor for both ground level ozone and secondary PM 2.5
Among the direct transportation-related provisions in the extensive package are a low-carbon fuel standard for all transportation fuels; financial support for large scale demonstrations of electric vehicles; and financial support for automakers retooling plants to make electric vehicles. trucks, construction machines, ships and planes.
The cap-and-trade joins a suite of other major climate program measures including standards for ultra-clean cars (Advanced Clean Cars, earlier post ), low-carbon fuels (Low Carbon Fuel Standard, earlier post ) and renewable electricity. The cap then declines about 2% in 2014 and then about 3% annually from 2015 to 2020.
proposed NMOG+NO x standards in new LEV III. According to a newly-published discussion paper, the primary objective of the proposed standards is to require fleet average SULEV-level emissions performance (similar to the Federal Tier 2 Bin 2 standard) from new vehicles by model year 2022. Source: ARB. Click to enlarge.
The cap-and-trade program also works in concert with other measures, such as standards for cleaner vehicles, low-carbon fuels, renewable electricity and energy efficiency, and complements and supports California’s existing efforts to reduce smog-forming and toxic air pollutants.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the US Department of Transportation’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) jointly released the finalized Phase 2 greenhouse gas and fuel efficiency standards for medium- and heavy-duty trucks.
is one of the three recipients of the 2014 Haagen-Smit Clean Air Awards , California’s premier award recognizing individuals who have made outstanding contributions to improving air quality. John Wall, Vice President and Chief Technical Officer of diesel engine manufacturer Cummins Inc.,
NO x helps create ground-level ozone, or smog. Other sources of diesel particulate matter such as big rig trucks, transit buses, trash trucks, cargo-handling equipment and ship auxiliary engines have already been addressed through regulations, along with diesel fuel.
MARPOL Annex VI sets limits on NO x and SO x emissions from ship exhaust, and prohibits deliberate emissions of ozone-depleting substances. Global requirements include Tier II engine standards (NO x ) and a global limit on marine bunker fuel sulfur content, currently set at 3.5% (35,000 ppm) compared to a global average of 2.7% (27,000 ppm).
In 2014, Volkswagen of America announced that starting with the launch of the zero-tailpipe emissions battery-electric 2015 e-Golf ( earlier post ), it would invest in projects to offset the carbon emissions created from the e-Golf on a full lifecycle basis: production, distribution and up to approximately 36,000 miles (57,936 km) of driving.
To find the upside of emergencies, we first looked at the economic effects of a tidy little crisis, a two-day strike that partially disrupted service of the London Underground in 2014. One example where this strategy has been successfully employed is the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer.
Many of the strategies employed to reduce GHG emissions will also work to meet the national ambient air quality standard for ozone in 2032. Major transportation related policies already in place are: The Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS). Background. —Draft Scoping Plan Update.
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