Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 26, 2014

When it takes up to four million pounds of sand to frack a single well, it’s no wonder that demand is outpacing supply and frack sand producers are becoming the biggest behind-the-scenes beneficiaries of the American oil and gas boom. says the output of wells is up to 30% higher when they are blasted with more sand.

Oil-Sands 262

Oil-Sands Arkansas Oil Mariner 262

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 8, 2014

The GREET (The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation Model) team at Argonne National Laboratory has released a new version of the widely used GREET lifecycle analysis tool, GREET 2014. Expanded oil sands modeling with more detailed and refined operation data.

2014 225

2014 Oil-Sands Emissions Carbon 225

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 29, 2013

liter TSI four-cylinder engine in the 2014 Jetta and Passat, followed by the 2014 Beetle. In a presentation at Volkswagen of America’s 2014 line drive in St. The cylinder head places extremely high demands on the casting process, uses a die with 12 sand cores in the bottom casting method. The 2014 Jetta.

2014 331

2014 Engine Exhaust Fuel Economy 331

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2013

2014 Jeep Cherokee. Chrysler introduced the new 2014 Jeep Cherokee mid-size SUV at the New York International Auto Show. liter Tigershark MultiAir 2 I-4 engine is standard in the 2014 Jeep Cherokee. The 2014 Jeep Cherokee provides a choice of three 4x4 systems. Click to enlarge. The 16-valve, 2.4-liter 4x4 systems.

Jeep 294

Jeep 2014 MPG Chrysler 294

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 16, 2014

Hydraulic fracturing is a method used to improve gas and oil production from low permeability formations (shale and tight sand reservoirs). During hydraulic fracturing, large volumes of sand and water, with small volumes of chemical additives, are injected into low-permeability subsurface formations.

Oil-Sands 246

Oil-Sands Gas Pennsylvania Water 246

Green Car Congress

APRIL 27, 2017

Global oil discoveries fell to a record low in 2016 as companies continued to cut spending and conventional oil projects sanctioned were at the lowest level in more than 70 years, according to the International Energy Agency, which warned that both trends could continue this year. Oil discoveries declined to 2.4

Oil 150

Oil 2016 Oil-Sands Global 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 15, 2014

Despite what appears to be a saturated oil market in 2014, oil producers around the world will struggle to meet rising demand over the next few decades. Global oil demand is expected to increase by 37 percent by 2040, with a dominant proportion of that coming from developing countries—i.e. China and India.

Oil 257

Oil Iraq Oil-Sands Supplies 257

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 7, 2015

Chevron Corporation announced a significant oil discovery at the Anchor prospect in the deepwater US Gulf of Mexico. 2 encountered oil pay in multiple Lower Tertiary Wilcox Sands. Anchor is Chevron’s second discovery in the deepwater Gulf in less than a year. Anchor co-owners are Cobalt International Energy, Inc. (20%),

Chevron 150

Chevron Mexico Oil Oil-Sands 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 23, 2013

Inter Pipeline shipped nearly 30% of Canadian crude oil supply and about 40% of oil sands volumes in 2012. Canexus is undertaking a major expansion of its rail operations to enable loading of crude oil unit trains which will access both the Canadian Pacific and Canadian National Railway systems.

Oil-Sands 199

Oil-Sands Transportation Oil 2014 199

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 28, 2013

Oil flow rates, though limited by testing equipment constraints, exceeded 13,000 barrels of oil per day. The test, in Walker Ridge Block 678, targeted Lower Tertiary sands more than 20,000 feet (6,096 m) under the sea floor and was conducted during August and September 2012. Chevron’s Jack/St. The jointly developed Jack and St.

Chevron 256

Chevron Mexico Oil-Sands Louisiana 256

Green Car Congress

JUNE 23, 2016

The impact of rising oil prices on North American light tight oil (LTO) production is said to be a “Catch 22”, the title of Joseph Heller’s popular 1961 novel set in WWII. Too many analysts continue to believe drilling and service has the same problem with rising oil prices. by David Yager for Oilprice.com.

Oil Prices 150

Oil Prices Oil Price Oil-Sands 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 12, 2014

Results of a Rice University laboratory study suggests that using foam may maximize enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Oil resides in formations of rock and sand in small cracks and crevices that have proved devilishly difficult to tap. Drillers pump various substances downhole to loosen and either push or carry oil to the surface.

Oil 218

Oil United Arab Emirates Universal Oil-Sands 218

Green Car Congress

MARCH 13, 2013

The catalyst is a sand-like material made fluid by the hot vapor and liquid fed into the FCC. The slurry oil can be blended with residual fuel oil or further processed in the coker. This carbon, known as catalyst coke, adheres to the catalyst, reducing its ability to crack the oil.

Oil 210

Oil Oil-Sands Germany Market 210

Green Car Reports

FEBRUARY 5, 2017

That's because a pair of European oil companies plan to add electric-car charging at certain fuel stations. CHECK OUT: Electric-Car Charging Station At Gas Station In Tar-Sands Land (Nov 2014). But electric-car drivers in certain European countries will soon be going to them to charge.

Oil-Sands 60

Oil-Sands Netherlands Electric Cars Charging 60

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 12, 2012

Profound shifts in the regional distribution of oil demand and supply growth will redefine the refining industry and transform global oil trade over the next five years, according to the annual Medium-Term Oil Market Report (MTOMR) released by the International Energy Agency (IEA). The oil market is at a crossroads.

Oil 255

Oil Oil-Sands Global Oil Prices 255

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 5, 2013

The well encountered high-quality reservoir sands, with per well productivity anticipated to be approximately 250 million cubic feet of natural gas per day. At Dantzler, wireline logging data indicates that the well encountered over 120 net feet of primarily crude oil pay in two high-quality Miocene reservoirs. with 20 percent.

Israel 186

Israel Mexico Oil-Sands Energy 186

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 16, 2010

The development will utilize a dry tree Extended Tension Leg Platform with an on-board drilling rig and have production capacity of 75,000 barrels of oil and 25 million cubic feet of natural gas per day. First oil is anticipated in 2014. Chevron, through its subsidiary Chevron USA Inc.,

Chevron 186

Chevron Mexico Oil-Sands Louisiana 186

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 10, 2012

Ford’s all-new 2014 Transit full-size van, which goes on sale late next year, will be offered with a new 3.2-liter 2014 Transit full-size van. Ford’s 5-cylinder, 3.2-liter liter Power Stroke diesel will be Ford’s second in North America. Click to enlarge. liter Power Stroke five-cylinder diesel. Duratorq TDCi 200). Click to enlarge.

North America 343

North America Diesel America Ford 343

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 1, 2010

Venezuela state-owned PDVSA and Italy-based Eni are finalizing a planned 60:40 joint venture to produce heavy crude oil in Junin Block 5 in the Orinoco Oil Belt in Venezuela in 2014. The initial phase, starting in 2014, is targeting the production of 75,000 barrels per day. Click to enlarge.

Venezuela 186

Venezuela Oil Oil-Sands 2009 186

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 16, 2011

TransCanada Corporation has received additional binding commitments in support of the proposed Keystone XL pipeline system—designed to bring Canadian oil sands crude to Gulf Coast refineries—following the successful conclusion of the Keystone Houston Lateral Open Season. Keystone Pipeline System map.

Houston 210

Houston Oil-Sands Nebraska Oil 210

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 18, 2015

The party is over for tight oil. Despite brash statements by US producers and misleading analysis by Raymond James, low oil prices are killing tight oil companies. Reports this week from IEA and EIA paint a bleak picture for oil prices as the world production surplus continues. percent in September 2014 to 1.2

Oil 150

Oil Oil-Sands Oil Prices 2015 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2013

China will see the largest increase—more than 4 million oil-equivalent barrels per day. As conventional production declines, more of the world’s oil demand will be met by emerging sources that only recently became available in significant quantities: oil sands, tight oil, deepwater, NGLs and biofuels.

Oil-Sands 309

Oil-Sands Energy Hybrid Sale 309

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 21, 2015

On September 10 th , the EIA reported a production decline in the Lower 48—essentially shale production—of 208,000 BOPD (barrels of oil per day). Rather, Goldman Sachs was grabbing all the headlines with its $20 call on oil. Pundits will claim otherwise, suggesting that oil in the 50s or 60s will spur activity.

Oil Prices 150

Oil Prices Oil Oil-Sands Price 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 8, 2011

Hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) is a process in which large volumes of water, sand and chemicals are injected at high pressures to extract oil and natural gas from underground rock formations. During the past few years, the use of hydraulic fracturing has expanded across much of the country.

EPA 207

EPA Oil-Sands Water Escape 207

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 17, 2014

Fracking fluid is largely composed of water and sand, but oil and gas companies also add a variety of other chemicals, including anti-bacterial agents, corrosion inhibitors and surfactants. Surfactants reduce the surface tension between water and oil, allowing for more oil to be extracted from porous rock underground.

Oil-Sands 225

Oil-Sands Colorado Water Oil 225

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 4, 2014

Results from a new modeling assessment of contamination in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) suggest that officially reported emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in that region have been greatly underestimated. Average emissions densities from Shen et al. are represented by the dashed black line. Click to enlarge.

Oil-Sands 220

Oil-Sands Oil Emissions Pollution 220

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 12, 2010

RTP rapidly heats biomass at ambient pressure to generate high yields of pourable, liquid pyrolysis oil. The pyrolysis oil—essentially a bio crude oil—will then be upgraded to green transport fuels using technology developed by UOP working with DOE, the DOE’s National Renewable Energy Lab and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL).

Oil 210

Oil Renewable Oil-Sands Fuel 210

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 27, 2014

G&G data and information are used to identify sand and gravel resources suitable for coastal protection and restoration; site renewable energy installations; and locate oil and gas resources. The Final PEIS is available for public comment until 7 April 2014.

Mariner 199

Mariner Oil-Sands Congress Oil 199

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2014

The team, from the Desert Research Institute, University of Colorado Boulder and NOAA, and Stanford University, began by defining a consistent vocabulary, first by jettisoning the popular umbrella label of “fracking” applied to unconventional oil and natural gas development. Christopher W. Branosky, E.; Stevens, A.;

Gas 218

Gas Oil-Sands Emissions Oil 218

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2019

Fresh air is used in addition to oil and water to cool the turbocharger. liter V8 engines, starting with the AMG GT in 2014. Complex interior geometries can be realized with the help of enclosed sand cores. The modifying signals include the intake air temperature, engine temperature, engine speed and atmospheric pressure.

Mercedes 277

Mercedes Exhaust Oil-Sands Engine 277

Green Car Congress

MARCH 19, 2014

GM developed the new engines for the company’s global vehicle portfolio; the engines will power many of the company’s highest-volume small cars and compact crossovers, including the next-generation Chevrolet Cruze specifically tailored for China, which launches in 2014 as a 2015 model. Efficiency-enhancing oiling system.

Engine 261

Engine GM Oil-Sands Oil 261

Green Car Congress

JUNE 17, 2015

Exxon Mobil has started production at its Kearl oil sands expansion project in Alberta, Canada ahead of schedule; the expansion is expected to double overall capacity to 220,000 barrels of bitumen a day, with the expansion itself ultimately expected to reach 110,000 barrels per day. Kearl will access approximately 4.6 Earlier post.).

Oil-Sands 150

Oil-Sands Oil Angola Nigeria 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 31, 2013

Enbridge is developing two pipelines in the Canadian oil sands area for a combined investment of about $3 billion. billion, depending on scope, to meet the needs of multiple producers in the Athabasca oil sands region. The first is a new industry diluent pipeline with associated capital of up to $1.4 Total E&P Canada Ltd.

Oil-Sands 257

Oil-Sands Oil Transportation 2017 257

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 17, 2013

The UT-led field study was a cooperative effort involving experts from the Environmental Defense Fund; Anadarko Petroleum Corporation; BG Group plc; Chevron; Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc.; During hydraulic fracturing, liquids that typically consist of water, sand and additives are injected at high pressure into low-permeability formations.

Austin 218

Austin Gas Emissions Production 218

Green Car Congress

JUNE 25, 2015

Cruze sales in the US in 2014 were 273,060 units —a 10% increase over 2013. 2014 Ecotec 1.4L Variable-flow oil pump enhances efficiency. Piston-cooling oil jets contribute to optimal performance, efficiency and refinement. That helps ensure the oiling system maintains full pressure during extreme driving conditions.

Chevrolet 150

Chevrolet Diesel 2017 Oil-Sands 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 12, 2014

However, the new forecast represents a slowing of future oil sands production growth compared to the predictions of last year’s forecast. According to CAPP’s 2014 Crude Oil Forecast, Markets and Transportation , total Canadian crude oil production will increase to 6.4 CAPP forecast. Click to enlarge. In 2013, 1.9

Oil-Sands 199

Oil-Sands Oil Production 2013 199

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 19, 2013

Plot of cumulative steam-to-oil ratio (cSOR) vs. ratio of energy produced in form of chemical energy contained in bitumen if combusted to energy injected in form of steam (75% efficient steam generation). One of the key challenges in producing bitumen and heavy oil is their high, variable viscosity. From Gates and Larter (2013).

Oil-Sands 337

Oil-Sands Oil Energy Emissions 337