Green Car Congress

MARCH 4, 2014

At the Geneva Motor Show, Toyota Motor Europe (TME) announced that European sales of hybrid vehicles reached an all-time high in 2013 totaling 156,863 units, up 43% year-on-year. In 2013 total Toyota Motor Europe sales reached 847,540 vehicles, an increase of 9,569 units from 2012, equalling a 0.2 Hybrid models now represent 18.5%

LS 600H 199

LS 600H Europe 2013 Sale 199

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 21, 2011

Utilizing technologies such as turbocharging, direct injection, twin independent variable camshaft timing (Ti-VCT) and six-speed transmissions, the upgraded powertrain portfolio will deliver more than 20% in fuel economy improvement to Ford’s passenger vehicle fleet in China by 2015 while reducing tailpipe carbon dioxide emissions by 20%.

Fuel Economy 236

Fuel Economy China Economy 2015 236

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 25, 2015

Knock and fuel octane rating are becoming increasingly important due to many powertrain design trends including downsizing, downspeeding, cylinder deactivation, and hybridization. … Alcohol and gasoline-alcohol blends also offer efficiency benefits independent of their octane value. —Leone et al. —Leone et al.

Engine 150

Engine Fuel GM Ford 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 18, 2010

European automakers are striving to comply with EU CO 2 norms (average fleet emissions less than 130 g/km by 2015) to avoid penalties. (As Staggered implementation: 65% to comply with requirements in 2012; 75% in 2013; 80% in 2014 and 100% in 2015. Eco-innovations will count for up to 7 grams of manufacturers’ fleet targets.

2015 186

2015 Downsizing CO2 Climate Change 186

Green Car Congress

MAY 17, 2013

Relative changes in vehicle energy efficiency (VEE) (km/MJ) on ethanol/gasoline blends over those on gasoline for different blending levels. Several recent highly cited LCAs that have incorporated vehicle efficiency differences between gasoline and ethanol/gasoline blends could potentially be misleading. Click to enlarge.

Fuel 210

Fuel Energy Gasoline-Electric Gasoline 210

Green Car Congress

MARCH 19, 2013

This first report (Phase I) examines only the impact of improving the efficiency of fossil-fueled vehicles, in which efficiency gains are delivered by the improvement of the internal combustion engine vehicle, including lightweighting, engine downsizing and hybridization.

Cost Of 261

Cost Of 2020 Fuel CO2 261

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2010

As part of its program, EPA is establishing a system of averaging, banking, and trading (ABT) of credits, based on a manufacturer’s fleet average CO 2 performance. Each manufacturer will have its own fleet-wide standard which reflects the vehicles it chooses it produce. 2012; 2013 3014 2015 2016. mpg US (6.9 Earlier post.).

EPA 236

EPA Standards Light PHEV 236