Green Car Congress

MAY 15, 2012

The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) has released a follow-on study to its 2009 evaluation of the economic and environmental performance of Coal-to-Liquids (CTL) and CTL with modest amounts of biomass mixed in (15% by weight) for the production of zero-sulfure diesel fuel. Earlier post.). —White and Gray.

Coal 225

Coal Diesel Oil Prices Water 225

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 10, 2009

Natural gas will represent around half of Shell’s total production by 2012, said Shell CEO Peter Voser in a speech at the Woodrow Wilson Center in Washington DC on 8 October. Within [the global energy] market, oil and gas are both indispensable and our core business. His talk was describing the energy company of the future.

Gas-Electric 231

Gas-Electric 2012 Gas Companies 231

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 12, 2012

The global energy map is changing significantly, according to the 2012 edition of the Internal Energy Agency’s (IEA) World Energy Outlook ( WEO-2012 ). The WEO finds that the extraordinary growth in oil and natural gas output in the United States will mean a sea-change in global energy flows. — WEO-2012.

Global 225

Global 2012 Energy Oil 225

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2013

China is about to become the largest oil-importing country and India becomes the largest importer of coal by the early 2020s. The Middle East becomes the world’s second-largest gas consumer by 2020 and third-largest oil consumer by 2030, redefining its role in global energy markets. Mobility and oil. Source: IEA.

Oil 275

Oil 2013 Energy Emissions 275

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2012

Total subsidies for renewable energy stood at $66 billion in 2010 (a 10% increase from the year before); the total value of global fossil fuel subsidies is estimated at between $775 billion and more than $1 trillion in 2012, Two thirds of the renewable energy subsidies went to renewable electricity resources and the remaining third to biofuels.

Renewable 312

Renewable International Fuel Energy 312

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 10, 2014

Crude and lease condensate includes tight oil, shale oil, extra-heavy crude oil, field condensate, and bitumen (i.e., oil sands, either diluted or upgraded). Other liquids refer to natural gas plant liquids (NGPL), biofuels (including biomass-to-liquids [BTL]), gas-to-liquids (GTL), coal-to-liquids (CTL), kerogen (i.e.,

Asia 341

Asia Transportation Oil-Sands Oil Prices 341

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 12, 2013

In regions where the share of coal-based electricity is relatively low, EVs can achieve substantial GHG reduction, the team reports in a paper in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. According to the 12 th Five-Year Plan of the China Coal Industry (2011?2015) While the increases in PM 10 and PM 2.5 Earlier post.]

Coal 231

Coal Pollution China Gas 231

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 6, 2012

Credit: ACS, Brandt 2012. Brandt considers factors affecting energy consumption and GHG emissions from oil sands extraction, and then uses publicly available data to analyze the assumptions made in the LCA models to better understand the causes of variability in emissions estimates. —Brandt 2012. Click to enlarge.

Oil-Sands 225

Oil-Sands Oil Production 2012 225

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 28, 2011

a permit application and commenced the approval process with the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality (WDEQ) to build and operate a Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) demonstration plant in its coal tenement lease areas in Wyoming’s. km) of coal within the Wyoming PRB. 20ft (6.1m) coal seam at 2100ft (640m).

Wyoming 186

Wyoming Coal Energy Australia 186

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 24, 2010

Comparison of coal consumption and CO 2 emissions for co-production and separate production of liquids and power. Conventional CTL plant gasifies coal to produce a syngas which is then converted in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor to products. Even with CCS, the liquid product costs are comparable to recent crude oil prices.

Coal 231

Coal Oil Prices CO2 Gas-Electric 231

Green Car Congress

JUNE 14, 2012

Produced water from coal-bed natural gas (CBNG) production may contain sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) at concentrations that can harm aquatic life, according to a new study by the US Geological Survey; Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks; the Bureau of Land Management and the US Environmental Protection Agency. Farag, A.M., and Harper, D.D.,

Sodium 218

Sodium Water Coal Montana 218

Green Car Congress

MAY 21, 2012

Overview of the Bluegas catalytic coal methanation process. GreatPoint Energy and China Wanxiang Holdings have officially closed their investment and partnership agreement which was highlighted during an official signing ceremony between senior US and Chinese government officials in 2012. Click to enlarge. pure methane).

Coal 225

Coal Gas Purchase Energy 225

Green Car Congress

JULY 25, 2013

The Brent crude oil spot price averaged $112 per barrel in 2012, and EIA’s July 2013 Short-Term Energy Outlook projects averages of $105 per barrel in 2013 and $100 per barrel in 2014. Biomass Climate Change Coal-to-Liquids (CTL) Emissions Forecasts Fuels Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) Market Background' Liquid fuels.

2010 317

2010 Transportation Fuel Energy 317

Green Car Congress

MARCH 19, 2012

The Pew survey found a 10 percentage point shift in favor of expanded fossil fuel production from March 2011 to March 2012. Since then, support for expanding production of oil and other traditional sources has increased among most demographic and political groups; the shift among Republicans has been particularly pronounced.

Fuel 291

Fuel Coal Oil Production 291

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 23, 2012

Under the Reference case, domestic crude oil production is expected to grow by more than 20% over the coming decade; already, domestic crude oil production increased from 5.1 Over the next 10 years, continued development of tight oil (e.g., Over the next 10 years, continued development of tight oil (e.g.,

Oil 210

Oil 2005 Production 2010 210

Green Car Congress

JULY 21, 2010

PCEC, a state-owned enterprise established in 2008, will use the industrial gas products in a coal gasification process for chemical production. The facility is to be onstream in early 2012. (PCEC) for the largest single air separation unit (ASU) on-site order ever committed to an industrial gas company.

Coal 186

Coal Building China Production 186

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 10, 2014

Lux Research has investigated the trends of corporate financing of alternative fuels from oil majors, based on a non-exhaustive database of more than 1,000 deals and partnership engagements from 2000 through September, 2014. Shell invested in multiple rounds and formed a JV with Iogen, but terminated the JV in 2012.

Alternative Fuels 225

Alternative Fuels Oil Chevron Fuel 225

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 27, 2015

Coal could become a major source of the metal lithium, according to a review of the geochemistry by scientists from Hebei University of Engineering in China published in the International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology. Indeed, the extraction of lithium from coal would offer an ironic twist to its continued use.

Coal 150

Coal China 2003 Gas-Electric 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 30, 2013

an indirect non-wholly owned subsidiary of the Group, has been awarded a contract for the engineering of Erdos Jinchengtai coal-to-methanol Project (Phase II) for Erdos Jinchengtai Chemical Co., for the second time at the Jinchengtai coal-methanol project, marking a milestone for Erdos Jinchengtai Chemical Co.,

Coal 186

Coal Engine Commercial Indonesia 186

Green Car Congress

JULY 2, 2014

plans to invest more than $1 billion to install a new delayed coker unit at its Antwerp refinery to convert heavy, higher sulfur residual oils into transportation fuels products such as marine gasoil and diesel fuel. The investment addresses an industry shortfall in capability to convert fuel oil to products such as diesel.

Convert 225

Convert Oil Diesel Production 225

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 1, 2014

In 2013, reported emissions from large industrial facilities were 20 million metric tons higher than the prior year, or 0.6%, driven largely by an increase in coal use for power generation. EPA said it expects to see further methane emission reductions as the agency’s 2012 standards for the oil and gas industry become fully implemented.

2013 268

2013 EPA 2011 Emissions 268

Green Car Congress

MARCH 25, 2012

There was a brief exception in the spring of 2010, however, after the Gulf of Mexico oil spill brought environmental issues back to the forefront. Americans continue to say the US should emphasize energy conservation by consumers over increased production of oil, gas, and coal to address the nation’s energy problems.

Environment 278

Environment Energy District of Columbia Coal 278

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2009

The MOU with AltAir contemplates the production and purchase of up to 750 million gallons of jet fuel and diesel fuel over 10 years (75 million gallons per year) derived from camelina oil. AltAir Fuels LLC was formed in 2008 to develop projects for the production of jet fuel from renewable and sustainable oils. Earlier post.).

Purchase 225

Purchase Fuel Coal Alternative Fuels 225

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 2, 2013

According to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), the US average retail price of electricity to the end consumer in the US in October 2012 was $0.1192/kWh, ranging from a low of $0.0835/kWh in Louisiana to a high of $0.3742/kWh in Hawaii.). Credit: Machol and Rizk. Click to enlarge. kWh, $0.08–$0.19/kWh, kWh, and $0.01–$0.02/kWh.

EPA 277

EPA Emissions Fuel Climate Change 277

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2013

to hold warming to 2 °C as outlined in the IEA Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 (ETP) 2 °C Scenario (2DS). The global energy supply became 6% cleaner from 1971 to 1990,in response to the oil shocks of the 1970s. In 2012, sales of hybrid-electric vehicles passed the one million mark. tCO 2 /TJ (2.39 tCO 2 /TJ (2.37

Carbon 265

Carbon Supplies Global Transportation 265

Green Car Congress

JULY 4, 2012

million tonnes per annum (MTPA) production train for its Australia Pacific LNG coal seam gas (CSG) to liquefied natural gas (LNG) project in Queensland, Australia. Following the start up of the second train, the project has an anticipated peak production net to ConocoPhillips of 100,000-105,000 barrels of oil equivalent (BOE) per day.

Australia 225

Australia Coal Gas 2011 225

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2021

Shaanxi Yangchang Petroleum, an energy & chemical giant in China, is engaged in efficient development, comprehensive utilization and deep conversion of petroleum, natural gas, coal, and other resources, ranking 265 among the Fortune Global Top 500. The year of 1907 saw the foundation of the first oil well in mainland China by Yanchang.

China 243

China Building Coal 2019 243

Green Car Congress

JUNE 20, 2012

However, the US military can play an important role in promoting stability in major oil producing regions and by helping protect the flow of energy through major transit corridors and on the high seas, the reports suggest. —Bartis 2012. Earlier post.). Energy security concerns also may help strengthen existing partnerships (e.g.,

Oil-Sands 225

Oil-Sands Price Turkey Fuel 225

Green Car Congress

JULY 10, 2012

The US Department of Energy (DOE) and the California Energy Commission (CEC) are working together to advance a coal-based polygeneration plant with carbon capture and storage (CCS) simultaneously through the federal National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) review and a complementary California Energy Quality Act process. Approximately 2.6

Coal 210

Coal Oil California Hydrogen 210

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 21, 2013

billion, approximately a $450-million increase over its 2012 capital spend of $3.6 Earlier in January, BNSF CEO Matt Rose said the railway’s crude-oil shipments would rise by 40% this year, helping to blunt a decline in coal cargo. The largest component of the capital plan is spending $2.3

2013 225

2013 Kansas City Production Kansas 225

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 14, 2011

Licella has developed a process using a continuous flow catalytic hydro-thermal reactor (Cat-HTR) with supercritical water which converts woody materials and other biomass into a high quality bio-crude oil. Licella has been supported with an A$2.3 Earlier post.). —Minister Ferguson.

New Zealand 225

New Zealand Australia Renewable Fuel 225

Green Car Congress

MARCH 18, 2009

million) toward a $30-million underground coal gasification (UCG) project with Swan Hills Synfuels of Calgary. Swan Hills Synfuels expects the project to demonstrate the ability to manufacture synthetic gas from Alberta’s coal resources, with the future potential of utilizing the coal seams for carbon capture and storage.

Coal 150

Coal Australia Oil-Sands Vietnam 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 5, 2012

The break-even crude oil price for a delivered biomass cost of $94/metric ton when hydrogen is derived from coal, natural gas or nuclear energy ranges from $103 to $116/bbl for no carbon tax and even lower ($99–$111/bbl) for the carbon tax scenarios. Tyner (2012) Economic analysis of novel synergistic biofuel (H 2 Bioil) processes.

Oil Prices 236

Oil Prices Tax Coal Hydrogen 236

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 31, 2009

would be designed to capture up to 90% of its carbon dioxide for enhanced oil recovery and sequestration in an adjacent oil field. IGCC plants gasify solid fuels into syngas, which then is used by a gas turbine combined-cycle system to generate electricity, providing a cleaner, economical coal-to-power option. Earlier post.).

Hydrogen 199

Hydrogen California Energy Tampa 199

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 18, 2014

This slowdown, which began in 2012, signals a further decoupling of global emissions and economic growth, which reflects mainly the lower emissions growth rate of China. The consumption of oil products increased by 1.7% The consumption of oil products increased by 1.7% per year since 2003, excluding the credit crunch years).

2013 240

2013 Emissions Global CO2 240

Green Car Congress

APRIL 10, 2012

A) CNG light-duty cars vs. gasoline cars; (B) CNG heavy-duty vehicles vs. diesel vehicles; and (C) combined-cycle natural gas plants vs. supercritical coal plants using low-CH 4 coal. On the one hand, a shift to natural gas is promoted as climate mitigation because it has lower carbon per unit energy than coal or oil.

Climate Change 270

Climate Change Climate Gas Coal 270

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 20, 2013

The proposed rulemaking establishes separate standards for natural gas and coal plants. coal units) are based on the performance of a new efficient coal unit implementing partial carbon capture and storage (CCS). In 2012, EPA issued a proposed standard for EGUs. Earlier post.)

EPA 236

EPA Standards Emissions Powered 236