2011, Fuel and Oil Prices

Opinion: Consumers winning with low oil prices, for now

Green Car Congress

MARCH 13, 2015

Columbia and Associate Director of the Maguire Energy Institute at the Cox School of Business at Southern Methodist University in Dallas says it has: “No question we’re seeing the effects of lower oil prices throughout the economy.”. decline curves eventually catch up with fewer rigs, oil supplies should start to fall.

Oil Prices

Oil Prices Oil Price Dallas

IEA: Global CO2 emissions up by 1.0 Gt (3.2%) in 2011 to record high

Green Car Congress

MAY 24, 2012

Global CO 2 emissions from fossil-fuel combustion reached a record high of 31.6 gigatonnes (Gt) in 2011, according to preliminary estimates from the International Energy Agency (IEA). Coal accounted for 45% of total energy-related CO 2 emissions in 2011, followed by oil (35%) and natural gas (20%). Gt above 2011 levels.

2011

2011 Emissions Global CO2

Global CO2 emissions up 3% in 2011; per capita CO2 emissions in China reach EU levels

Green Car Congress

JULY 20, 2012

CO 2 per capita emissions from fossil fuel use and cement production from the top 5 emitting regions. At 3%, the 2011 increase in global CO 2 emissions is above the past decade’s average annual increase of 2.7%. combined, where emissions increased by 9% and 6% respectively in 2011. Click to enlarge. the United States (16%).

2011

2011 Emissions CO2 Global

Neste Oil reports improvement in renewable fuels business, but still loss-making

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 25, 2012

In its interim report for January–September 2012, Neste Oil said that while the third-quarter performance of its Renewable Fuels business (NExBTL) improved by €38 million (US$49 million) from the corresponding period last year, the business still recorded a loss due to low margins, particularly during the first part of the quarter.

Oil

Oil Renewable Fuel Oil Prices

EIA: Changes in refining economics in 2011 contributed to real contrasts in US refinery utilization

Green Car Congress

MARCH 20, 2012

The divergence of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) and Brent crude oil prices in 2011 affected refinery utilization in the United States, particularly in the East Coast (PADD 1) and Midwest (PADD 2) regions, according to a report from the US Energy Information Administration (EIA). Source: EIA. Click to enlarge.

2011

2011 Oil Texas Oil Prices

MIT/UC Davis professors challenge claims that ethanol production decreased gasoline prices in 2010 and 2011

Green Car Congress

JULY 17, 2012

Two professors from MIT and UC Davis have released a paper challenging the recent claims by the Renewable Fuel Association (RFA) and US Secretary of Agriculture Vilsack that ethanol production decreased gasoline prices by $0.89 in 2010 and 2011, respectively. It is strongly correlated with any trending variable.

Davis

Davis MIT Gasoline 2010

Nikkei: popularity of fuel-efficient vehicles lowering demand for gasoline in Japan

Green Car Congress

JULY 7, 2012

Prices at the pump are falling in Japan not only due to lower crude oil prices, but also because the widespread popularity of fuel-efficient vehicles has lowered demand for gasoline.A

Japan

Japan Gasoline Fuel Gasoline-Electric

EIA Energy Outlook 2013 reference case sees drop in fossil fuel consumption as use of petroleum-based liquid fuels falls; projects 20% higher sales of hybrids and PHEVs than AEO2012

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 5, 2012

Among its many findings, the Reference case suggests that US primary energy consumption will grow by 7% from 2011 to 2040 to 108 quadrillion Btu. However, energy use per capita declines by 15% from 2011 through 2040 as a result of improving energy efficiency (e.g., quadrillion Btu in 2011 to 14.0

Fuel

Fuel Energy Sale 2013

EIA: world energy consumption to grow 56% 2010-2040, CO2 up 46%; use of liquid fuels in transportation up 38%

Green Car Congress

JULY 25, 2013

World energy consumption by fuel type, 2010-2040. However, fossil fuels continue to supply nearly 80% of world energy use through 2040. Natural gas is the fastest-growing fossil fuel, as global supplies of tight gas, shale gas, and coalbed methane increase. Liquid fuels. Source: IEO2013. Click to enlarge.

2010

2010 Transportation Fuel Energy

EIA projects world energy use to increase 53% by 2035; oil sands/bitumen and biofuels account for 70% of the increase in unconventional liquid fuels

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 20, 2011

Unconventional liquids become increasingly important in the total supply of liquid fuels, according to IEO2011. World oil prices remain high in the IEO2011 Reference case, but oil consumption continues to grow; both conventional and unconventional liquid supplies are used to meet rising demand. Click to enlarge.

Oil-Sands

Oil-Sands Oil 2008 Oil Prices

United Airlines invests $30M in Fulcrum BioEnergy; renewable jet fuel offtake agreement, potential joint development of production

Green Car Congress

JUNE 30, 2015

The investment is so far the largest single investment by a US airline in alternative fuels. This alternative fuel will be a drop-in fuel that meets all of the airline’s technical requirements and specifications, and will power the aircraft in the same way as conventional jet fuel.

Renewable

Renewable Fuel Alternative Fuels Production

Purdue study projects that under likely adoption rates, use of biojet fuel alone will not meet aviation emissions reduction targets for 2050; the need to go above 50% blends

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 16, 2011

Uncertainty range of the aviation GHG emissions under the High Oil price scenario (the most optimistic for biojet adoption), given in a box plot depicting the minimum, quartile, and maximum values. This, along with the requirement to meet aviation fuel density specifications, requires that biojet be blended with petrojet.

Emissions

Emissions Oil Prices 2005 Fuel

Alternative Fuel Technologies, Inc. Receives New Order for DME Feed Pumps From Shanghai Diesel Engine Company

Green Car Congress

APRIL 25, 2010

Alternative Fuel Technologies, Inc. These pumps will be used on DME fueled buses that will operate in Shanghai. Alternative Fuel Technologies, Inc. is a research & development organization engaged in the design, development and prototype manufacturing of advanced fuel systems for use with DME.

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Diesel Engine Companies

Lux Research: despite cheap oil, niche plug-in vehicle sales will be resilient; conventional hybrids to be hardest hit

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 2, 2015

The current plunge in oil prices will likely negatively affect plug-in and hybrid vehicle sales in the short term; automakers such as BMW are already warning of lower sales of plug-in vehicles given the market context. Anticipated price of oil and forecast plug-in sales. Lux on the price of oil.

Plug-in

Plug-in Oil Cheap Plug

BP Statistical Review finds global oil share down for 12th year in a row, coal share up to highest level since 1969; renewables at 2%

Green Car Congress

JUNE 13, 2012

in 2011, close to the historical average. Oil remains the world’s leading fuel, but its 33.1% in 2011, broadly in line with the historical average but well below the 5.1% The averages hide a mixed picture by fuel, however. The fossil fuel mix continues to change with oil, the world’s leading fuel at 33.1%

Coal

Coal Oil Renewable Saudi Arabia

EIA: world petroleum use sets record high in 2012 despite declines in North America and Europe

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 27, 2013

The world’s consumption of gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, heating oil, and other petroleum products reached a record high of 88.9 The rapidly industrializing economies of China and India fueled much of Asia’s demand increase, growing 2.8 Year-on-year changes in petroleum consumption by region. million bbl/d.

North America

North America 2012 America Europe

EIA Energy Outlook 2011 more than doubles estimates of US shale gas resources; higher production at lower prices

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 17, 2010

The Annual Energy Outlook 2011 (AEO2011) Reference case released yesterday by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) more than doubles the technically recoverable US shale gas resources assumed in AEO2010 and added new shale oil resources. Shale gas offsets declines in other US supply to meet. Source: EIA. Click to enlarge.

Gas

Gas 2011 Price Energy

EIA Estimates 2.1% Growth in Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions in US in 2010; Still Below 1999-2008 Levels

Green Car Congress

APRIL 7, 2010

Projected US CO 2 growth from fossil fuels. The US Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates in the April 2010 release of its Short-Term Energy and Summer Fuels Outlook that CO 2 emissions from fossil fuels, which declined by 6.6% in 2011 as economic growth fuels higher energy consumption. Source: EIA.

2008

2008 2010 Emissions Fuel

Pike Research forecasts global biofuels market to double by 2012 to $185.3B

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 17, 2012

billion in 2011 to $185.3 BGPY in 2011) would represent just 7% of the estimated global transportation fuels market in 2021. Meanwhile, aviation and marine fuel demand could add 200 BGPY or more to global transportation fuel demand by 2021.despite parity with petroleum-based fuels. billion by 2021.

Global

Global Market 2012 Financing

RAND reports suggest US DoD use less petroleum fuel to deal with high prices, not count on alternatives

Green Car Congress

JUNE 20, 2012

From a cost perspective, the potential of alternative fuels is of limited, if any value, according to the lead report written by James Bartis, a RAND senior policy researcher. While DoD and the services will have access to the wholesale fuel supplies they require, the purchase price may be uncomfortably high. Earlier post.).

Oil-Sands

Oil-Sands Price Turkey Fuel

Near-Term Prospects for Automotive Li-ion Batteries: 21% of Hybrid and EV Market by 2011

Green Car Congress

JUNE 16, 2009

In 2011, the largest dollar volume for Li-ion automotive applications could come from the mini EV and EREV segment. As one example of factors contributing to that decision, a survey of projected oil prices returned values between $30 and $250 a barrel, he said.). Representative battery pack size is below each segment.

Li-ion

Li-ion 2011 Market Hybrid

EIA: Price ratio of crude oil to natural gas continues to increase

Green Car Congress

APRIL 13, 2012

Crude oil to natural gas price ratio. The ratio increased because of both increasing crude oil prices and decreasing natural gas prices. The spot price for Brent crude oil has increased 19% in the last six months, from $103.90 per barrel on 3 October 2011 to $123.81 Source: EIA.

Oil

Oil Gas Price Oil Prices

IEA World Energy Outlook view on the transport sector to 2035; passenger car fleet doubling to almost 1.7B units, driving oil demand up to 99 mb/d; reconfirming the end of cheap oil

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2011

Change in primary oil demand by sector and region in the central New Policies Scenario, 2010-2035. Under the WEO 2011 central scenario, oil demand rises from 87 million barrels per day (mb/d) in 2010 to 99 mb/d in 2035, with all the net growth coming from the transport sector in emerging economies. —WEO 2011.

Oil

Oil Transportation Cheap Energy

EPA announces 2011 Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards; green chemistry market opportunity projected to be $98.5B by 2020, about 2% of total market

Green Car Congress

JUNE 20, 2011

billion in 2011 to $98.5 The 2011 award winners are: Greener synthetic pathways: Genomatica, San Diego, Calif. Genomatica has been producing BDO at pilot scale in 3,000 liter fermentations since the first half of 2010, and is moving to production at demonstration scale in 2011. billion by 2020. per million Btu.

Green

Green 2011 Market 2020

Pike Research forecasts global biofuels market value to double to $185B by 2021

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 13, 2011

billion in 2011 to $185.3 compound annual growth rate (CAGR) between 2011 and 2021. between 2017 and 2021, as a combination of higher oil prices, emerging mandate. between 2017 and 2021, as a combination of higher oil prices, emerging mandate. parity with petroleum-based fuels. billion by 2021.

Global

Global Market Financing Oil Prices

Deutsche Bank Forecast sees slower transportation electrification and greater gasoline demand near-term; increased confidence in the pace and breadth of long-term shift to efficient transportation systems

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 1, 2011

” Their analysis is in the context of the “ surprising [oil] demand strength of 2010 “; 2010 saw absolute incremental demand at around 2.2mb/d of growth—the second highest in 30 years, despite oil prices in the $90/bbl region. Click to enlarge. By mid-2Q, the team had increased its estimate to 25%.

Transportation

Transportation Gasoline Lithium Ion Gasoline-Electric

Study: Kerry-Lieberman Bill Would Cut US Oil Imports By Up to 40% Below Current Levels

Green Car Congress

MAY 21, 2010

A new study by the Peterson Institute for International Economics concluded that the Kerry-Lieberman “American Power Act”—the energy and climate change legislation recently introduced in the Senate ( earlier post )—would reduced US oil imports by 33-40% below current levels and by 9-19% below projected business-as-usual levels by 2030.

Oil

Oil Climate Change Oil Prices 2005

IHS Markit: US poised to be world’s largest LNG exporter in 2022 as China becomes top LNG importer

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 6, 2022

A new map of LNG is taking shape as 2021 became the year of rapid recovery, making the oversupply and price lows of 2020 seem like a distant memory. It is a tale of two markets with China fueling the demand surge as the world’s top importer and the United States, poised to become the world’s leading exporter, providing the supply push.

Qatar

Qatar China United States Brazil

Study finds government and vehicle manufacturers need to introduce long-term incentives and prices cuts to create sustainable market for ultra-low emission vans

Green Car Congress

MARCH 19, 2012

Governments and vehicle manufacturers will need to introduce long-term incentives and price cuts to create a sustainable European market for ultra-low emission vans (ULEV), according to a newly published report by Element Energy, commissioned by the UK Department for Transport. beyond small-scale trials).

Emissions

Emissions Manufacturer Market Price

Global investment in renewable power reached $270.2B in 2014, ~17% up from 2013; biofuel investment fell 8% to 10-year low

Green Car Congress

APRIL 6, 2015

Global investment in renewable power and fuels (excluding large hydro-electric projects) was $270.2 billion set in 2011. The 103GW of capacity added by new renewable energy sources last year compares to 86GW in 2013, 89GW in 2012 and 81GW in 2011 and made 2014 the best year ever for newly installed capacity.

2014

2014 Renewable 2013 Wind

RAC Foundation: 830,000 households in UK spend at least 27% of their income on running a car; “transport poverty”

Green Car Congress

MARCH 7, 2013

George Osborne will soon deliver his budget and is likely to tinker with the rate of fuel duty. For people already drowning under the weight of motoring costs, cutting a penny or two off the price of a litre of fuel will help but is like rearranging the deck chairs on the Titanic—ultimately futile.

Transportation

Transportation Gasoline Cars 2003

Study finds no alternative to widespread switching of direct fuel uses to electricity to meet 2050 California GHG targets; putting detail in climate wedges

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 27, 2011

According to their new paper published in the journal Science , after other emission reduction measures are employed to the maximum feasible extent, there is no alternative to widespread switching of direct fuel uses (e.g., rather than relative prices of technology, energy, or carbon as. in general equilibrium models. efficiency.

Climate

Climate California Fuel Emissions

Startup Siluria Technologies developing novel bio-templated catalysts for economic direct conversion of methane to ethylene; potential for transportation fuels

Green Car Congress

MARCH 7, 2011

Ethylene, with a $160-billion market, is a valuable commodity two-carbon chemical that can be oligomerized into transportation fuels. The company aims to achieve the catalyst performance required for commercialization in 2011. The chemistry we are pursuing, you could never make economic with a conventional catalyst.

Conversion

Conversion Transportation Fuel Carbon

IEA World Energy Outlook 2013 sees CO2 emissions rising by 20% to 2035; oil use on upward trend

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2013

Demand grows for all forms of energy, but the share of fossil fuels in the world’s energy mix falls from 82% to 76% in 2035. High oil prices, persistent differences in gas and electricity prices between regions and rising energy import bills in many countries focus attention on the relationship between energy and the broader economy.

Oil

Oil 2013 Energy Emissions

Fight Fascists & Save Money: Go Electric

CleanTechnica EVs

MAY 12, 2022

The price of a gallon of gasoline is surging, putting a strain on drivers’ pocketbooks. While prices at the pump seem extreme, we’ve been here before. Adjusted for inflation, gas prices were similarly high in 2006, 2008, and for a while after 2011.

Ukraine

Ukraine 2006 2008 Price

IEA WEO-2012 finds major shift in global energy balance but not onto a more sustainable path; identifies potential for transformative shift in global energy efficiency

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 12, 2012

The IEA said these changes will recast expectations about the role of different countries, regions and fuels in the global energy system over the coming decades. The WEO finds that the extraordinary growth in oil and natural gas output in the United States will mean a sea-change in global energy flows. Fossil fuel remain dominant.

Global

Global 2012 Energy Oil

National Low Carbon Fuel Standard study releases major Technical Analysis and Policy Design reports; providing a scientific basis for policy decisions

Green Car Congress

JULY 19, 2012

The National Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) Project has released two major reports that synthesize its findings from the past several years of work: a Technical Analysis Report (TAR) and Policy Design Recommendations. It does not include mandates for any particular fuel or technology and as such does not attempt to pick winners or losers.

Carbon

Carbon Oil-Sands Standards Design

State Department releases Keystone XL Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 1, 2014

The analysis in the Final Supplemental EIS builds on the Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement released on 1 March 2013 ( earlier post ) as well as the documents released in 2011 as part of the previous Keystone XL Pipeline application. That portion of the pipeline has already been built.

Oil-Sands

Oil-Sands Nebraska Oil Montana

KPMG survey finds majority of energy execs see oil over $121/barrel this year; shale expected to have transformative impact, investment in alternatives increasing

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2011

The executives also foresee shale oil and gas having a transformative effect on helping to meet the world’s energy needs, according to the results of the 9 th Annual Energy Survey conducted by the KPMG Global Energy Institute. Even batteries and fuel cells have entered the conversation. Alternative energy sources.

Oil

Oil Energy 2011 Wind

Report finds Coal-to-Liquids and Oil Shale pose significant financial and environmental risks to investors

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 19, 2010

The report comes as oil majors like ExxonMobil, Chevron and Shell, and other companies, are developing at least a couple dozen oil shale and CTL projects, including 12 CTL facilities projected to produce 170 million barrels of liquid fuels per year at a cost of $2 billion to $7 billion per plant.

Coal

Coal Oil Water Oil Prices

Accenture Reports Identifies 12 Disruptive Technologies Most Likely to Transform Supply and Demand of Transport Fuels and Cut Emissions Within Next 10 Years

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 10, 2009

Accenture has identified 12 technologies that it concludes have the potential to disrupt the current views of transport fuels supply, demand and GHG emissions over the next 10 years. Will be competitive at an oil price of $45 to $90 at their commercial date. Waste-to-fuel. Source: Accenture. Click to enlarge.

Transportation

Transportation Supplies Emissions Fuel

Ricardo study suggests global oil demand may peak before 2020, falling to below 2010 levels by 2035

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 7, 2011

Global demand for oil may well peak before 2020, falling back to levels significantly below 2010 demand by 2035, according to a multi-client research study conducted by Ricardo Strategic Consulting launched in June 2011 in association with Kevin J. The effect of fuel-efficient technology. Lindemer LLC.

Oil

Oil 2010 2020 Global

Study details viable pathway to develop sustainable aviation biofuels industry in Pacific Northwest; hydroprocessing of natural oils seen as the most immediate opportunity

Green Car Congress

MAY 25, 2011

The Pacific Northwest has the diverse feedstocks, fuel-delivery infrastructure and political will needed to create a viable biofuels industry capable of reducing greenhouse gases and meeting the future fuel demands of the aviation industry, according to a newly-released study by Sustainable Aviation Fuels Northwest (SAFN).

Oil

Oil Industrial Industry Renewable

AECOM study finds EV adoption in Victoria can offer significant economic benefits by late 2020s; PHEVs initially lead uptake

Green Car Congress

JULY 12, 2011

The analysis is based on central forecasts of oil price, electricity. price and carbon pollution reduction scheme (CPRS)/carbon tax policy, and known information about the historic drivers for consumers in the vehicle. superior range and the ability to use both electricity and gasoline as a fuel. This is primarily due to.

PHEV

PHEV Oil Prices Australia Price

Opinion: Consumers winning with low oil prices, for now

IEA: Global CO2 emissions up by 1.0 Gt (3.2%) in 2011 to record high

Global CO2 emissions up 3% in 2011; per capita CO2 emissions in China reach EU levels

Neste Oil reports improvement in renewable fuels business, but still loss-making

EIA: Changes in refining economics in 2011 contributed to real contrasts in US refinery utilization

MIT/UC Davis professors challenge claims that ethanol production decreased gasoline prices in 2010 and 2011

Nikkei: popularity of fuel-efficient vehicles lowering demand for gasoline in Japan

EIA Energy Outlook 2013 reference case sees drop in fossil fuel consumption as use of petroleum-based liquid fuels falls; projects 20% higher sales of hybrids and PHEVs than AEO2012

EIA: world energy consumption to grow 56% 2010-2040, CO2 up 46%; use of liquid fuels in transportation up 38%

EIA projects world energy use to increase 53% by 2035; oil sands/bitumen and biofuels account for 70% of the increase in unconventional liquid fuels

United Airlines invests $30M in Fulcrum BioEnergy; renewable jet fuel offtake agreement, potential joint development of production

Purdue study projects that under likely adoption rates, use of biojet fuel alone will not meet aviation emissions reduction targets for 2050; the need to go above 50% blends

Alternative Fuel Technologies, Inc. Receives New Order for DME Feed Pumps From Shanghai Diesel Engine Company

Lux Research: despite cheap oil, niche plug-in vehicle sales will be resilient; conventional hybrids to be hardest hit

BP Statistical Review finds global oil share down for 12th year in a row, coal share up to highest level since 1969; renewables at 2%

EIA: world petroleum use sets record high in 2012 despite declines in North America and Europe

EIA Energy Outlook 2011 more than doubles estimates of US shale gas resources; higher production at lower prices

EIA Estimates 2.1% Growth in Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions in US in 2010; Still Below 1999-2008 Levels

Pike Research forecasts global biofuels market to double by 2012 to $185.3B

RAND reports suggest US DoD use less petroleum fuel to deal with high prices, not count on alternatives

Near-Term Prospects for Automotive Li-ion Batteries: 21% of Hybrid and EV Market by 2011

EIA: Price ratio of crude oil to natural gas continues to increase

IEA World Energy Outlook view on the transport sector to 2035; passenger car fleet doubling to almost 1.7B units, driving oil demand up to 99 mb/d; reconfirming the end of cheap oil

EPA announces 2011 Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards; green chemistry market opportunity projected to be $98.5B by 2020, about 2% of total market

Pike Research forecasts global biofuels market value to double to $185B by 2021

Deutsche Bank Forecast sees slower transportation electrification and greater gasoline demand near-term; increased confidence in the pace and breadth of long-term shift to efficient transportation systems

Study: Kerry-Lieberman Bill Would Cut US Oil Imports By Up to 40% Below Current Levels

IHS Markit: US poised to be world’s largest LNG exporter in 2022 as China becomes top LNG importer

Study finds government and vehicle manufacturers need to introduce long-term incentives and prices cuts to create sustainable market for ultra-low emission vans

Global investment in renewable power reached $270.2B in 2014, ~17% up from 2013; biofuel investment fell 8% to 10-year low

RAC Foundation: 830,000 households in UK spend at least 27% of their income on running a car; “transport poverty”

Study finds no alternative to widespread switching of direct fuel uses to electricity to meet 2050 California GHG targets; putting detail in climate wedges

Startup Siluria Technologies developing novel bio-templated catalysts for economic direct conversion of methane to ethylene; potential for transportation fuels

IEA World Energy Outlook 2013 sees CO2 emissions rising by 20% to 2035; oil use on upward trend

Fight Fascists & Save Money: Go Electric

IEA WEO-2012 finds major shift in global energy balance but not onto a more sustainable path; identifies potential for transformative shift in global energy efficiency

National Low Carbon Fuel Standard study releases major Technical Analysis and Policy Design reports; providing a scientific basis for policy decisions

State Department releases Keystone XL Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement

KPMG survey finds majority of energy execs see oil over $121/barrel this year; shale expected to have transformative impact, investment in alternatives increasing

Report finds Coal-to-Liquids and Oil Shale pose significant financial and environmental risks to investors

Accenture Reports Identifies 12 Disruptive Technologies Most Likely to Transform Supply and Demand of Transport Fuels and Cut Emissions Within Next 10 Years

Ricardo study suggests global oil demand may peak before 2020, falling to below 2010 levels by 2035

Study details viable pathway to develop sustainable aviation biofuels industry in Pacific Northwest; hydroprocessing of natural oils seen as the most immediate opportunity

AECOM study finds EV adoption in Victoria can offer significant economic benefits by late 2020s; PHEVs initially lead uptake

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