Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 12, 2009

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has announced two final rules that will further reduce the availability and use of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), which are primarily used as refrigerants and harm the ozone layer. The 2010 HCFC Regulations.

Ozone 199

Ozone EPA 2010 Clean 199

Green Car Congress

MARCH 10, 2014

A study by an international team led by scientists at the University of East Anglia have identified four new man-made gases in the atmosphere, all of which are contributing to the destruction of the ozone layer. CFCs are the main cause of the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica. Brenninkmeijer, Paul J. Oram, Claire E.

Ozone 246

Ozone Emissions 2014 2010 246

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 19, 2012

Extraordinarily cold temperatures in the stratosphere during the winter of 2010/2011 caused the most massive destruction of the ozone layer above the Arctic so far, according to a study by climate researchers at KIT (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology). These chemical conversion products attack the ozone layer and destroy it partly.

Ozone 210

Ozone Kits 2011 Climate 210

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 16, 2009

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will reconsider the 2008 primary and secondary ozone standards. In 2008, EPA established a new primary 8-hour standard for ozone of 0.075 parts per million (ppm), and a new secondary standard set at a form and level identical to the new primary standard. ppm standard, due to rounding.

Ozone 199

Ozone EPA Standards 2008 199

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 9, 2011

US EPA Region 9 8-hour ozone trends, 1979-2000. These State Implementation Plans (SIPs) are the roadmaps to meeting the 1997 8-hour ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of 0.08 In 1997, EPA first established the 8-hour ozone standard, which replaced the older 1-hour ozone standard (0.12 Source: EPA.

Ozone 236

Ozone EPA Pollution 2002 236

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 7, 2010

Counties projected to violate proposed Primary 8-hour Ground-Level Ozone Standards in 2020. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has proposed the strictest standards to date for ground-level ozone. EPA is proposing an accelerated schedule for designating areas for the primary ozone standard. 2010 in Arlington, Va.

Ozone 186

Ozone EPA Standards Arlington 186

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 28, 2010

The two combine in the atmosphere to make either nitric acid or peroxynitrous acid; the so-called branching ratio of these two chemicals is important in models of ozone production. This means less of the hydroxyl radical and nitrogen dioxide go away, leading to proportionately more ozone, mostly in polluted areas, Okumura said.

Ozone 210

Ozone Los Angeles Pollution California 210

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 10, 2011

in 2010—i.e., It also includes several chemicals known to deplete Earth’s protective ozone layer, which are also active as greenhouse gases. A continued recent increase in methane: Methane levels rose in 2010 for the fourth consecutive year after remaining nearly constant for the preceding 10 years, up to 1799 parts per billion.

2010 199

2010 Gas Ozone 2004 199

Green Car Congress

MARCH 17, 2010

In a new study published online 10 March in the ACS journal Environmental Science and Technology , however, Stanford University professor Mark Jacobson finds that local CO 2 emissions in isolation may increase local ozone and particulate matter. Jacobson, 2010. Jacobson (2010) Enhancement of Local Air Pollution by Urban CO 2 Domes.

Ozone 218

Ozone Los Angeles Pollution CO2 218

Green Car Congress

MAY 17, 2018

Emissions of one of the chemicals most responsible for the Antarctic ozone hole are on the rise, despite an international treaty that required an end to its production in 2010, a new study by researchers at NOAA and their colleagues shows. —NOAA scientist Stephen Montzka, lead author of the paper.

Ozone 170

Ozone Emissions 2002 2010 170

Green Car Congress

JULY 18, 2010

Denver represents an interesting case study for exploring potential PHEV impacts because it violates the federal air quality standard for ozone and because several large EGUs [electricity generating units] are located in or near the urbanized area. Ozone concentration increases were modeled for small areas near central Denver.

Denver 170

Denver Ozone PHEV Colorado 170

Green Car Congress

JULY 22, 2010

Illustration of projected ozone changes in the South Coast region due to climate change in 2050. Areas in orange and red could see ozone concentrations elevated by 9 to 18 parts per billion. Click to enlarge. These narrow-focused models utilize high-resolution information about the geography, meteorology and emissions of these areas.

Climate Change 199

Climate Change Ozone Climate California 199

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 9, 2012

A scatter plot of CO, as a tracer for pollution, versus CO 2 , as a tracer for the amount of combustion, for 2002 and 2010. Even though the CO 2 enhancements over background were comparable in the two years, about 25 ppm in 2002 and 35 ppm in 2010, the ?CO/?CO2 CO2 ratio for this flight track segment decreased from 24.5

Los Angeles 285

Los Angeles Gasoline Ozone 2002 285

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 22, 2011

The amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere reached a new high in 2010 since pre-industrial time and the rate of increase has accelerated, according to the World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO) Greenhouse Gas Bulletin. Between 2009 and 2010, its atmospheric abundance increased by 2.3 parts per million) and the past decade (2.0

2010 199

2010 Industry Industrial Ozone 199

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2023

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced a new review of the Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). In October 2021, EPA announced a reconsideration of the previous Administration’s decision to retain the NAAQS for ozone. In many of the areas designated as not meeting the current 2015 standards, work remains.

Ozone 150

Ozone EPA Standards Pollution 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 19, 2019

55% of land area) by the middle of the century, and would increase by 3% and 4% the population-weighted average concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and ozone, respectively. and ozone exposure, respectively. and ozone in 2050 by factors of 1 and 3, respectively. C) and ozone (D) exposure are shown.

Climate Change 277

Climate Change Climate Ozone Future 277

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 21, 2011

The decrease in CO 2 equivalent emissions of ODSs (ozone-depleting substances: CFCs, halons, HCFCs, and others) may be offset by the projected increase in their non-ozone depleting substitutes (HFCs) (lines designated as HFC scenarios). Climate and the Ozone Layer. Source: UNEP. Click to enlarge.

Climate 287

Climate Ozone Emissions Transportation 287

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2010

Lisa P Jackson, Administrator of the US Environmental Protection Agency, issued a public memo to EPA employees detaling “ seven key themes to focus the work of our agency ” in 2010 and beyond. The seven themes are: Taking Action on Climate Change. Improving Air Quality.

EPA 170

EPA 2010 Climate Change Mercury 170

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 7, 2009

The total estimated funding for this competitive opportunity for FY 2009/2010 is approximately $64 million, including all non-tribal and tribal awards. million tons of NO x , which contribute to the formation of ozone and additional fine particles.

2009 199

2009 EPA Diesel 2010 199

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 4, 2013

2010 engines emissions reduction relative to 2010, 2007, and 2004 US emission standards. earlier post ), found that emissions of NO 2 and other nitrogen oxides—which can have direct health effects and contribute to the formation of smog—were approximately 61% below the 2010 EPA standard and 99% lower than in 2004 engines.

Diesel 296

Diesel Emissions 2004 San Antonio 296

Green Car Congress

MAY 28, 2010

In addition to studying the important issues at the nexus of the air quality and climate change problems, the goal of CalNex 2010 is also to provide scientific information regarding the trade-offs faced by decision makers when addressing these two inter-related issues. 2010 CalNex Science and Implementation Plan. emission inventories?

Climate Change 210

Climate Change Climate Pollution California 210

Green Car Congress

JULY 4, 2010

Researchers at North Carolina State University are developing an ozone-based pre-treatment technique (ozonolysis) to release sugars from the energy grass miscanthus for production into renewable fuels or chemicals with minimal generation of chemical waste streams and degradation of the carbohydrate components. García-Cubero et al.

Ozone 170

Ozone North Carolina Energy 2010 170

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 15, 2009

State level ozone emissions in the NBP, from 1990 to 2010 (projected). This market-based cap and trade program was created to cost-effectively reduce NO x emissions during the ozone season. Source: EPA. Click to enlarge.

United States 199

United States District of Columbia Ozone 2008 199

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 22, 2010

Surabi Menon, Hashem Akbari, Sarith Mahanama, Igor Sednev and Ronnen Levinson (2010) Radiative forcing and temperature response to changes in urban albedos and associated CO 2 offsets. 5 014005 doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/01400.

Climate 223

Climate Emissions Climate Change Ozone 223

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 2, 2012

The team used a population-weighted multi pollutant index (PW-MPI), suited for global model output, with the atmospheric chemistry general circulation model EMAC to estimate the impact of anthropogenic emission changes on global and regional air quality in recent and future years (2005, 2010, 2025 and 2050).

India 240

India Global 2005 Asia 240

Green Car Congress

MARCH 29, 2010

The process was presented during the 90 th Springtime Annual Meeting of The Chemical Society of Japan (CSJ), 26-29 March, 2010. Unlike other ethers, DME does not form peroxides, is non-toxic, has no effect on global warming nor ozone depletion and can be considered an environmentally friendly solvent.

Japan 199

Japan Oil Ozone Coal 199

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2011

Data collected during a major 2010 state-federal atmospheric research project show that the first-in-the-nation regulation requiring ocean-going vessels to use clean fuel when near the California coast has been extremely effective in reducing sulfur dioxide pollution from ships, according to the California Air Resources Board (ARB).

Pollution 186

Pollution California Clean Cleaning 186

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 28, 2014

Compared to the 2010 “Business as Usual” scenario—which includes all adopted emission control measures for the South Coast—NO x levels must be reduced by 65% and by 75% to meet the 2023 and 2032 ozone standards, respectively. An 80% reduction of GHG emissions is targeted for 2050, relative to 1990 levels.

Gas 257

Gas Climate Emissions California 257

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2016

Ethane reacts with sunlight and other molecules in the atmosphere to form ozone, which at the surface can cause respiratory problems, eye irritation and other ailments and damage crops. A snapshot from a simulation of how Bakken oil field hydrocarbon emissions including ethane affect North American ground-level ozone concentrations.

Ozone 150

Ozone Global Emissions North Dakota 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 4, 2011

Global and regional zonal mean temperature changes relative to 2010 due to non-CO 2. million metric tons of avoided ozone-related yield losses of major food crops; $US0.6-2.4 That’s largely because more stringent standards would reduce emissions of black carbon, a constituent of soot, and carbon monoxide, a precursor of ozone.

Climate 231

Climate Standards Emissions Climate Change 231

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 28, 2009

Climate change due to emission of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel energy sources causes air pollution by increasing ground-level ozone and concentrations of fine particulate matter. Black carbon is a short-lived greenhouse pollutant which, along with ozone, is responsible for a significant proportion of global warming.

Pollution 210

Pollution Climate Change Ozone Climate 210

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 19, 2010

used a climate model to analyze the effects of a wide range of chemical species, including carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, organic carbon, black carbon, nitrate, sulfate, and ozone, from 13 sectors of the economy from 2000 to 2100. Bauer (2010) Attribution of climate forcing to economic sectors. Unger et al. A hat-tip to Tom!).

Transportation 391

Transportation Climate Change Powered Power 391

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 28, 2011

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has designated the five-county Philadelphia region of Bucks, Delaware, Chester, Montgomery and Philadelphia counties as non-attainment for ozone and fine particulate matter air quality standards. Berks, Lehigh and Northampton counties recently achieved attainment status for federal ozone standards.

Pennsylvania 186

Pennsylvania Grant Clean Cleaning 186

Green Car Congress

APRIL 13, 2014

giga tonne carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO 2 eq) (2.2%) per year from 2000 to 2010 compared to 0.4 Total anthropogenic GHG emissions were the highest in human history from 2000 to 2010 and reached 49 (±4.5) GtCO 2 eq/yr in 2010. GtCO 2 eq (1.3%) per year from 1970 to 2000. Transport sector. Integrated urban planning, transit?oriented

Emissions 257

Emissions Climate Change 2000 Climate 257

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2020

NO x is a precursor for both ground level ozone and secondary PM 2.5 The main conclusions of the report include: Compared to emission controls on MY 2010 US diesel trucks, today’s compact aftertreatment systems are 40% lighter, 60% smaller, and substantially less expensive.

Emissions 291

Emissions Diesel Engine 2010 291

Green Car Congress

MAY 23, 2010

Evaporative emissions from gasoline—volatile organic compounds (VOCs)—are precursors to the formation of tropospheric ozone and contribute to ground-level ozone. Nielsen (2010) Vapor Pressures of Alcohol-Gasoline Blends. It is also a critical factor in meeting evaporative emission requirements. Resources. Andersen, J.

Alcohol Blend 210

Alcohol Blend Gasoline Ozone Fuel 210

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 22, 2010

Nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change and stratospheric ozone destruction. They believe that nitrous oxide is the leading human-caused threat to the atmospheric ozone layer, which protects Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Beaulieu et al. PNAS doi: 10.1073/pnas.1011464108.

New Hampshire 199

New Hampshire Global Climate Change Ozone 199