Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2011

Change in primary oil demand by sector and region in the central New Policies Scenario, 2010-2035. Under the WEO 2011 central scenario, oil demand rises from 87 million barrels per day (mb/d) in 2010 to 99 mb/d in 2035, with all the net growth coming from the transport sector in emerging economies. Click to enlarge.

Oil 247

Oil Transportation Cheap Energy 247

Green Car Congress

JUNE 13, 2012

Oil remains the world’s leading fuel, but its 33.1% seen in 2010, according to the newly released BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2012. Oil demand grew by less than 1%—the slowest rate amongst fossil fuels—while gas grew by 2.2%, and coal was the only fossil fuel with above average annual consumption growth at 5.4%

Coal 261

Coal Oil Renewable Saudi Arabia 261

Green Car Congress

MARCH 5, 2015

Those claiming that oil will continue to fall from here and remain low for evermore, however, are flying in the face of both history and common sense. The question we should be asking ourselves is not if oil prices will recover, but when they will. Supply alone, however, doesn’t determine price. That is a good thing.

Oil Prices 150

Oil Prices Oil Price Saudi Arabia 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 16, 2009

Oil is a strategic commodity second to none—it underlies the global economy and even the American way of life. Of course, other countries benefit from this fact, with about $900 million flowing out of the US to buy foreign oil every day, and about 40% of that going to OPEC. [ Source: EIA. Click to enlarge.

Oil 255

Oil Transportation Congress Fuel Economy 255

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2012

United States M&A activity for upstream oil and gas deals set records in 2011 for both deal values and deal counts, according to PLS, Inc., a provider of information, marketing and advisory services for the oil and gas industry. We expect continued strong activity in oil and liquids-rich resource plays in 2012. billion in 2010.

El Paso 225

El Paso 2011 Oil Gas 225

Green Car Congress

APRIL 7, 2010

The US Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates in the April 2010 release of its Short-Term Energy and Summer Fuels Outlook that CO 2 emissions from fossil fuels, which declined by 6.6% in 2010 and 1.1% EIA projects that world oil consumption will grow by 1.5 million barrels per day (bbl/d) in 2010 and 1.6

2008 186

2008 2010 Emissions Fuel 186

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 23, 2012

Net petroleum imports as a share of total US liquid fuels consumed drop from 49% in 2010 to 38% in 2020 and 36% in 2035 in AEO2012. Under the Reference case, domestic crude oil production is expected to grow by more than 20% over the coming decade; already, domestic crude oil production increased from 5.1

Oil 210

Oil 2005 Production 2010 210

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2011

Energy executives expect continued volatility in the price-per-barrel of oil for the remainder of the year, with 64% predicting crude prices to exceed $121 per barrel. Only 35% think current crude prices are near the high they expect for oil this year, predicting the peak will be between $111 and $120 per barrel.

Oil 225

Oil Energy 2011 Wind 225

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2010

entered into a feasibility agreement with NASA to evaluate the potential use of castor oil as a viable and sustainable feedstock for production of biojet fuel—also known as Bio Synthesized Paraffinic Kerosene (Bio-SPK) and Hydroprocessed Renewable Jet (HRJ). In April 2009 Evogene Inc. Earlier post.). Earlier post.).

Oil 186

Oil Israel Oil Prices Brazil 186

Green Car Congress

APRIL 22, 2013

According to the report, “ Forecast of On-Road Electric Transportation in the US (2010-2035) ”, this figure could increase to as high as 30 million EVs depending on advances in battery technology. The high electric transportation scenario combines the advanced battery scenario with high oil prices ($200/barrel in 2035).

Oil Prices 294

Oil Prices Vehicles 2012 Transportation 294

Green Car Congress

JUNE 23, 2011

Chevron’s focus on optimizing the thermal management of the Kern River field has resulted in a steady drop in the steam:oil ratio (barrels steam water per barrel oil), resulting in improved economics of the field even with slowly declining production. Data: California DOGGR. Click to enlarge. Source: Chevron. Click to enlarge.

Chevron 244

Chevron Oil Oil-Sands Production 244

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 27, 2013

The world’s consumption of gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, heating oil, and other petroleum products reached a record high of 88.9 If China’s use of petroleum continues to grow as projected, it is expected to replace the United States as the world’s largest net oil importer this fall. North America.

North America 261

North America 2012 America Europe 261

Green Car Congress

JULY 2, 2013

In contrast to arguments that peak conventional oil production is imminent due to physical resource scarcity, a team from Stanford University and UC Santa Cruz has examined the alternative possibility of reduced oil use due to improved efficiency and oil substitution. 2010, to above 140 $/bbl in constant 2010 dollars).

Oil 207

Oil Oil-Sands Fuel Economy Transportation 207

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 1, 2011

” Their analysis is in the context of the “ surprising [oil] demand strength of 2010 “; 2010 saw absolute incremental demand at around 2.2mb/d of growth—the second highest in 30 years, despite oil prices in the $90/bbl region. Hybrids went from about 8% of sales in 2009 to over 11% in 2010.

Transportation 250

Transportation Gasoline Lithium Ion Gasoline-Electric 250

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 15, 2010

Examples of emerging oil sands related technologies and trade-offs. The paper is an examination of how various choices about the scale of the life cycle analysis applied to oil sands (i.e., The source material is neither oil nor tar but bitumen, but is most generally described as an example of ultraheavy oil.”.

Oil-Sands 225

Oil-Sands Oil Emissions Coal 225

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 9, 2010

In the paper, Nataliya Malyshkina and Deb Niemeier point out that the peak of oil production is estimated to occur approximately between 2010 and 2030, and note that all those dates are considerably earlier than their estimate of the time until renewable replacement technologies are viable in the market (around 2140).

Davis 300

Davis Renewable Gasoline Diesel 300

Green Car Congress

JULY 7, 2012

The Nikkei reports that the nationwide average price in Japan for regular gasoline was ¥139.8 Prices at the pump are falling in Japan not only due to lower crude oil prices, but also because the widespread popularity of fuel-efficient vehicles has lowered demand for gasoline.A per liter ($6.65

Japan 258

Japan Gasoline Fuel Gasoline-Electric 258

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 7, 2015

Responding to press articles saying that the collapse of the global oil price is threatening oil and gas production in the off-shore Brazil pre-salt layer, Petrobras countered that it is expanding its production capacity “in an economically viable manner.”

Oil 150

Oil Oil Prices Gas Production 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 6, 2014

The model begins in 2010 with 220 million LDV spark-ignition (gasoline) vehicles, 9.7 Among their findings were: RFS2 is satisfied at extreme oil prices (at least $215/barrel). This oil price encourages biofuel use in the RFS2 timeframe, but not in the long run. million E85 flex-fuel vehicles; 1.8

Oil Prices 246

Oil Prices Gasoline-Electric Gasoline Oil 246

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 19, 2011

Between 2010 to 2030 the contribution to energy growth of renewables (solar, wind, geothermal and biofuels) is seen to increase from 5% to 18%. Natural gas is projected to be the fastest growing fossil fuel, and coal and oil are likely to lose market share as all fossil fuels experience lower growth rates. Coal will increase by 1.2%

Energy 210

Energy Economy Global Oil-Sands 210

Green Car Congress

APRIL 16, 2010

The record gasoline production in March makes it abundantly clear that supply is not an issue with the higher gasoline prices we’ve seen. Sharply higher crude oil prices are driving that, and they continue to put upward pressure on the price at the pump. in February 2010 and 12.2% in January 2010.

Gasoline 186

Gasoline North Dakota Production 2009 186

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 24, 2010

Even with CCS, the liquid product costs are comparable to recent crude oil prices. For a liquids-only configuration, CCS is a cheaper option when the CO 2 price exceeds $12/tonne. GHGT-10 took place 9-23 September 2010 in RAI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. —Mantripragada and Rubin. Mantripragada and Edward S.

Coal 231

Coal Oil Prices CO2 Gas-Electric 231

Green Car Congress

MAY 25, 2011

Established hydroprocessing technologies to produce aviation fuels from natural oils. supply chains for sustainable aviation fuels utilizing oils from oilseed crops such as camelina, as well as algae and biomass. Natural bio-oils have carbon chain lengths that are in the diesel range, 16-18 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon.

Oil 230

Oil Industry Industrial Renewable 230

Green Car Congress

MARCH 2, 2010

The average price at the pump for gasoline in California during November 2009 was $3.01 Prices were extremely low in late 2008, reflecting the burst of a crude oil price bubble that developed earlier in the year. Figures for December 2009 are scheduled to be available at the end of March 2010.

2009 199

2009 Gasoline California Diesel 199

Green Car Congress

MAY 24, 2012

Gt on 2010, or 3.2%. Coal accounted for 45% of total energy-related CO 2 emissions in 2011, followed by oil (35%) and natural gas (20%). Global CO 2 emissions from fossil-fuel combustion reached a record high of 31.6 gigatonnes (Gt) in 2011, according to preliminary estimates from the International Energy Agency (IEA).

2011 230

2011 Emissions Global CO2 230

Green Car Congress

APRIL 9, 2010

This comparative simulation was carried out over the period 2010 to 2030. Because of the higher levels of income and GDP resulting from the policies, the US federal budget deficit would improve by a cumulative (2010 to 2030) $336 billion, net of policy costs. Oil Imports. billion fewer barrels of foreign oil.

Grid 186

Grid 2008 Vehicles Oil 186

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2011

The MIT Energy Initiative (MITEI) has released a report on the proceedings—and papers that informed those proceedings—of the 8 April 2010 symposium on The Electrification of the Transportation System: Issues and Opportunities. The symposium was sponsored by the MIT Energy Initiative, together with Ormat, Hess, Cummins and Entergy.

Transportation 252

Transportation MIT Oil Prices Oil 252

Green Car Congress

MARCH 25, 2010

An important precursor for some types of synthetic rubber is isoprene, a highly volatile hydrocarbon which is typically obtained as a by-product from refining crude oil. Synthetic rubber is produced on a large scale worldwide to supplement natural rubber, the majority of which is used for tires. —Joseph McAuliffe.

Manufacturer 249

Manufacturer Convert Renewable Polymer 249

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 11, 2010

The fortunes of alternative energy have historically waxed and waned with the price levels of oil, gas, and other energy sources, rising when prices are high only to fall once they retreat. Base case economics for EVs in North America are very challenging, absent significant disruption in oil price or battery cost.

Solar 295

Solar Boston Consulting Group Power Powered 295

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 12, 2012

The report also finds that by 2035 global energy savings could be equivalent to nearly 20% of global demand in 2010. The WEO finds that the extraordinary growth in oil and natural gas output in the United States will mean a sea-change in global energy flows. Oil demand reaches 99.7 Energy demand. — WEO-2012.

Global 225

Global 2012 Energy Oil 225

Green Car Congress

JUNE 12, 2015

The financial pages of Canadian newspapers have been full of headlines lately announcing the potential of two large shale oil fields in the Northwest Territories said to contain enough oil to rival the Bakken Formation of North Dakota and Montana. billion barrels. enthused the Financial Post.

Oil-Sands 150

Oil-Sands Oil North Dakota Oil Prices 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 15, 2012

The KPMG research finds that the external environmental costs of 11 key industry sectors jumped 50% from US$566 to US$846 billion in 8 years (2002 to 2010), averaging a doubling of these costs every 14 years. Total environmental cost 2010 vs growth in environmental cost since 2002 vs environmental intensity improvement. Source: KPMG.

Climate Change 310

Climate Change Water Climate Global 310

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 16, 2010

million by 2015 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 28% (2010-2015), according to the report. Pike Research further estimates that charging station sales in Asia-Pacific will reach more than 860,000 units at a CAGR of 91% (2010-2015) and revenue of more than $865 million in 2015.

Asia 236

Asia 2015 China Market 236

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 13, 2011

BGPY worldwide, representing a 127% increase over 2010 production volumes and an 8.4% between 2017 and 2021, as a combination of higher oil prices, emerging mandate. Multiple aims include the reduction of dependence on imported oil, mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and driving economic development.

Global 225

Global Market Financing Oil Prices 225

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 23, 2011

Following that announcement, G-20 Leaders agreed to national plans to implement subsidy reform (June 2010) and have asked international organizations to review and assess members’ progress against their commitments (November 2010), according to the conference report.

Fuel 240

Fuel Global 2008 International 240

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 22, 2016

billion into bio-based materials and chemicals (BBMC) startups since 2010, reflecting the drive for sustainability, performance, and alternatives to petroleum feedstocks. Low oil hits drop-ins, substitutes. About 80% of VC investment in 2016 was on improved products, as opposed to only 46% from 2010 to 2015.

2016 150

2016 2010 Oil Prices 2015 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 22, 2013

The authors presented three process models for production of renewable aviation fuel from microalgae, Pongamia pinnata seeds and sugarcane molasses to produce a minimum selling price for aviation biofuel. Pongamia pinnata is a legume tree which produces a seed rich in oil.) million project.

Renewable 186

Renewable Fuel Australia Oil 186