Green Car Congress

JANUARY 27, 2013

The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia ruled this week in a case (#12-1139) brought by the American Petroleum Institute (API) against the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ( earlier post ), and vacated the 2012 cellulosic biofuel RFS standard while affirming the 2012 advanced biofuel standard.

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2012 Standards DC EPA 244

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 20, 2012

A status review of California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) ( earlier post ) for the period of 2011 and the first quarter of 2012 by Dr. Sonia Yeh at the Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis and Julie Witcover found that regulated parties in the LCFS—i.e., gCO 2 e/MJ for gasoline. million), for a net surplus of 0.80

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Standards California 2012 2011 247

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 9, 2010

Adding nickel and co-feeding H 2 increased gasoline yield 32% relative to a conventional catalyst. atm), the team found that gasoline production increased 32% relative to the standard Ecat. Catalytic cracking of vegetable oils to gasoline, diesel and light olefins similar to the standard FCC process in refineries.

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Gasoline Oil Production Hydrogen 186

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2015

The Air Resources Board re-adopted a Low Carbon Fuel Standard ( LCFS ), which requires a 10% reduction by 2020 in the carbon intensity of transportation fuels. If a product is above the annual carbon intensity target, the fuel incurs deficits. Gasoline and Gasoline Substitutes. LCFS Compliance Schedule 2011-2020.

Carbon 150

Carbon California Fuel Diesel 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 15, 2013

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing a reduction in the cellulosic biofuel and total renewable fuel standards (RFS) for 2014. billion gallons; the final 2013 overall volumes and standards require 16.55 EPA is proposing to maintain the biomass-based diesel standard for 2014 and 2015 at the 2013 level of 1.28

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2014 EPA Renewable Standards 255

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 30, 2010

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalized the 2011 percentage standards for the four categories of fuel—cellulosic, biomass-based diesel, advanced biofuel, and total renewable fuels—under the agency’s renewable fuel standard program, known as RFS2. EPA had proposed percentages earlier in the year.

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EPA 2011 Renewable Standards 236

Green Car Congress

APRIL 7, 2010

The US Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates in the April 2010 release of its Short-Term Energy and Summer Fuels Outlook that CO 2 emissions from fossil fuels, which declined by 6.6% in 2010 and 1.1% million barrels per day (bbl/d) in 2010 and 1.6 US crude oil production averaged 5.32

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2008 2010 Emissions Fuel 186

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 25, 2010

Hyundai Motor Company introduced a new sub-compact family sedan concept RB at the 2010 Moscow International Motor Show (MIMS). When the production sub-compact sedan arrives in Russia, it will be powered by the modern Gamma engine, 1.6L The estimated power and torque of the 1.6

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2010 Hyundai Concept Motor 218

Green Car Congress

JULY 17, 2010

liter engine, the HR12DDR, which aims to achieve the lowest level of fuel consumption in the world for gasoline-powered cars while delivering power output equivalent to that of a 1.5L Click to enlarge. Nissan Motor Co., unveiled a newly developed 1.2-liter engine and CO 2 emissions of 95 grams per kilometer (New European Drive Cycle).

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Gasoline Engine Nissan Fuel 218

Green Car Congress

APRIL 17, 2014

GDCI engine was significantly better than advanced production spark injection gasoline engines, and comparable to very efficient hybrid vehicle engines at their best efficiency conditions (214 g/kWh). This early work established that gasoline-like fuels with high resistance to autoignition are preferred for PPCI. Background.

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Gasoline Engine Fuel Wisconsin 304

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 9, 2012

A scatter plot of CO, as a tracer for pollution, versus CO 2 , as a tracer for the amount of combustion, for 2002 and 2010. Even though the CO 2 enhancements over background were comparable in the two years, about 25 ppm in 2002 and 35 ppm in 2010, the ?CO/?CO2 CO2 ratio for this flight track segment decreased from 24.5

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Los Angeles Gasoline Ozone 2002 285

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 17, 2009

Theta II GDI, its first Gasoline Direct Injection engine before an audience of engineers attending the Ninth Annual Hyundai-Kia International Powertrain Conference in Korea. Theta II GDI engine will make its debut in the first half of 2010 starting with the recently launched Sonata. in the new production 2.4 Theta II GDI.

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Gasoline Hyundai Engine Production 210

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 16, 2013

As reported in a paper in ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology , the results showed that GDI technology has the potential to meet the upcoming California LEV III and US EPA Tier 3 PM mass standard of 3 mg/mi (phasing in over MY2017? Earlier post.) fuel injection timing, number of injections, fuel pressure, injector placement, etc.)

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Standards Emissions Miles Engine 246

Green Car Congress

MAY 22, 2018

To work with international partners to research and develop new standards for tires and brakes to address toxic non-exhaust emissions of micro plastics from vehicles which can pollute air and water. Ending the sale of new conventional diesel and gasoline cars and vans by 2040. A coming plan to phase out diesel-only trains by 2040.

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Clean Cleaning Diesel Gasoline 186

Green Car Congress

MARCH 24, 2010

Mexico’s state oil company, PEMEX Refining, has awarded ICA Fluor engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contracts for two low-sulfur gasoline projects in Mexico valued at $622 million as part of its clean fuels program. Fluor will book its $311 million portion of the award in the first quarter of 2010.

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Gasoline Mexico Oil Clean 199

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 22, 2010

Comments may be submitted through 30 November 2010. The Program has also set goals for developing technologies for the production, delivery, and storage of hydrogen, which will help spur commercialization of fuel cells and maximize their environmental and energy security benefits. Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program Plan.

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Hydrogen 2010 Fuel 2015 271

Green Car Congress

JULY 7, 2017

Diesel has played a major role in the European Union’s efforts to reduce CO 2 emissions from the automotive fleet; the market share of fuel-efficient new diesel cars in the European Union has remained above 50% since 2010.

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Diesel Standards CO2 Gasoline-Electric 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 17, 2010

Gas chromatograph traces of conventional 87 octane gasoline (top) and CoolPlanetBioFuels drop-in gasoline produced from corn cobs. Two fractionators in a module can produce one million gallons of gasoline per year, with capex of $0.50/gallon Source: CoolPlanetBioFuels. Click to enlarge. Click to enlarge. gallon US.

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Gasoline Energy Gasoline-Electric Carbon 247

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 21, 2011

is not important as long as all facets of fuel production (feedstock production, feedstock transportation, fuel production, fuel transportation and storage, and ILUC) and fuel use are similarly considered. —Low Carbon Fuel Standard 2011 Program Review Report. The harmonization of LCFS programs is not without risks.

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Carbon Standards Fuel Oregon 244

Green Car Congress

MAY 24, 2017

Based on a three-year study of toxic and environmentally relevant pollutants from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, Swiss researchers have concluded that some GDI engines emit just as many soot particles as unfiltered diesel cars did in the past. Further, the GDI particles carry numerous carcinogenic substances.

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Engine Exhaust Gasoline Diesel 271

Green Car Congress

JUNE 7, 2010

Renault held a “2010 Environment Workshop” last week to showcase its progress across its range of vehicles’ full lifecycle through the Renault eco² program. New TCe gasoline engine family. It is equipped with a low inertia turbocharger and was engineered to provide standard-setting performance and fuel economy for its class.

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Environment Engine 2010 Parts 230

Green Car Congress

APRIL 20, 2010

CO 2 reduction potential vs. OEM On-cost for turbocharged GDi and turbo-Diesel technologies to meet Euro 6 standards. It also performed a value analysis comparing CO 2 benefits for 3- and 4-cylinder gasoline and diesel powertrains. Source: Kirwan et al. Click to enlarge. For the most cost-sensitive vehicle segments—e.g.,

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Gasoline Downsizing Engine CO2 231

Green Car Congress

JULY 13, 2010

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed the 2011 percentage standards for the four fuels categories under the agency’s Renewable Fuel Standard program (RFS2): cellulosic biofuel; biomass-based diesel; advanced biofuel; and renewable fuel. million ethanol-equivalent gallons (representing 5 - 17.1 million physical gallons).

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EPA 2011 Renewable Standards 210

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 4, 2015

In their study, published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology they found that—compared to gasoline—the GHG savings from miscanthus-based ethanol ranged between 130% and 156% whereas that from switchgrass ranged between 97% and 135%. Production cost of ethanol is annualized over the simulation period.

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Cost Of Range Production Gasoline-Electric 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 13, 2013

EPA projects advanced transmissions (6+ speeds and CVTs), gasoline direct injection (GDI) systems, and turbocharged engines will be installed on at least 15% of all MY 2013 vehicles. The majority of the emissions and fuel savings from current vehicles, EPA noted, is due to new gasoline vehicle technologies. Click to enlarge.

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Fuel Economy 2012 Economy EPA 247

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 16, 2011

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the US Department of Transportation (DOT) formally unveiled their joint proposal to set stronger fuel economy and greenhouse gas pollution standards for Model Year 2017-2025 passenger cars and light trucks. EPA’s proposed GHG standards, which are. mpg US (5.87 mpg US (5.87 improvements.

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Fuel Economy EPA Economy MPG 338

Green Car Congress

APRIL 21, 2010

The vapor pressure of this fluid is relatively low when compared with ethanol; thus the fluid, when mixed with gasoline, will result in lower VOC emissions in storage, since it serves as a “keeper”. GVL is also being examined as an intermediate for the production of transportation fuels. —Bruno et al.

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Gasoline Diesel Wisconsin Fuel 170

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 13, 2018

Dongfeng Motor Company Limited (DFL), the joint venture between Nissan Motors and Dongfeng Motor Group, will accelerate the “Green 2022 Plan” rollout with a focus on green products, production and materials reuse. By 2022, 30% of DFL sales will be EV and e-POWER products.

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Nissan Green Motor Motors 199

Green Car Congress

MARCH 15, 2013

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released its annual report summarizing key trends in carbon dioxide emissions, fuel economy, and CO 2 - and fuel economy-related technology for gasoline- and diesel-fueled personal vehicles sold in the United States, from model years (MY) 1975 through 2012. Source: EPA. Click to enlarge.

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Fuel Economy 2012 EPA Economy 284

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 2, 2011

Joint research and development, production and component purchasing will leverage significant economies of scale for both companies. This initiative of BMW Group and PSA Peugeot Citroën aims to develop standard hybrid components for the electrification of their vehicle ranges. million units from 2006 to 2010. Earlier post.).

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BMW Hybrid Standards 2010 199

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 27, 2013

The world’s consumption of gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, heating oil, and other petroleum products reached a record high of 88.9 Increased consumption in 2010 reflected improving economic conditions. Year-on-year changes in petroleum consumption by region. Petroleum use in Europe has declined in every year since 2006.

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North America 2012 America Europe 261

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 23, 2017

China is the global leader in methanol use and has recently expanded its methanol production capacity. These changes were driven by an analysis of methanol use in China and the incorporation of more detailed information on the refined product markets in China and other non-OECD countries.

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2000 2016 Fuel China 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 14, 2011

Plug-in hybrids dominate market penetration in 2025 under CAR scenario IV (62 mpg CAFE standard). The 2010 NRC study, conducted under contract to. Each of these nine pathways produced a specific fuel economy standard and cost estimate measured at retail price equivalence. Scenario II: (51 mpg CAFE standard, 40.8

Fuel Economy 199

Fuel Economy Economy Auto Industry Standards 199

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 25, 2010

A team from Algenol and Georgia Tech calculated the life cycle energy and greenhouse gas emissions for three different system scenarios for this proposed ethanol production process, using process simulations and thermodynamic calculations. This production target is within achieved photosynthetic yields and corresponds to 1.8%

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Carbon Gasoline Gas-Electric Gasoline-Electric 246

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 4, 2011

However, while Mazda plans to offer hybrid vehicles in the medium-term, its engineers are pushing hard to increase the efficiencies of both the gasoline and diesel platforms, moving toward what they call “the ideal Internal Combustion Engine.” liter MZR gasoline engine. Click to enlarge. air-to-fuel ratio. pumping loss.

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Mazda Engine Gasoline Diesel 322

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 20, 2011

The California Air Resources Board (ARB) will consider at its December 2011 meeting amendments to the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) regulation. Since the regulation went into effect [15 April 2010], regulated parties have operated under the LCFS program with no significant compliance issues. Earlier post.). Reporting Requirements.

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Carbon Oil California Standards 231

Green Car Congress

MARCH 17, 2011

Air Products will increase the supply of hydrogen to Marathon Petroleum Company LP, a subsidiary of Marathon Oil Corporation (NYSE: MRO), at Marathon’s Garyville, La. In all, Air Products will increase the current level of supply by approximately 25 million standard cubic feet (MMscf) (around 60,000 kg) per day.

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Supplies Louisiana Production Hydrogen 170