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Contrary to expectations, exhaust from gasoline vehicles contributes more to the production of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) than exhaust from diesel vehicles, according to a new study by scientists from the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), NOAA’s Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) and other colleagues.
Although gasoline direct injection engines (GDI) are a favorable technology for reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, recent studies have shown that GDI vehicles could emit more PM than traditional PFI (gasoline port fuel injection) vehicles as well as heavy-duty diesel trucks equipped with diesel particulate filters.
GDCI engine was significantly better than advanced production spark injection gasoline engines, and comparable to very efficient hybrid vehicle engines at their best efficiency conditions (214 g/kWh). This early work established that gasoline-like fuels with high resistance to autoignition are preferred for PPCI. Background.
However, while Mazda plans to offer hybrid vehicles in the medium-term, its engineers are pushing hard to increase the efficiencies of both the gasoline and diesel platforms, moving toward what they call “the ideal Internal Combustion Engine.” Mazda’s roadmap to the ideal internal combustion engine. Click to enlarge.
Based on on-road measurements in their study, a team from the University of California Berkeley has estimated that, as of 2010, light-duty (LD) gasoline vehicles were responsible for 85% of CO; 18% of NO x ; 18% of organic aerosol (OA); and 6% of black carbon (BC) emissions from on-road motor vehicles in the United States.
Toyota introduced the Auris Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD) at the 2010 Geneva motor show, marking a significant milestone in Toyota’s planned deployment of the Hybrid Synergy Drive powertrain across Toyota’s entire model range by early 2020s. liter diesel or gasoline hatchback. liter diesel or gasoline hatchback. Earlier post.).
DENSO Corporation has improved the temperature detection accuracy of its newly developed diesel exhaust temperature sensor. To improve the sensor’s temperature accuracy, DENSO increased the probe length to almost twice that of the conventional product and extended the sensing tip into the exhaust pipe. Click to enlarge.
In 2010, The US Department of Energy (DOE) selected Delphi, along with partners Hyundai America Technical Center, Inc (HATCI); Wisconsin Engine Research Consultants (WERC); and the University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW) for a $7.48-million Sellnau et al. Click to enlarge. Earlier post.) Earlier post.) Example of a triple-injection process.
liter engine, the HR12DDR, which aims to achieve the lowest level of fuel consumption in the world for gasoline-powered cars while delivering power output equivalent to that of a 1.5L Click to enlarge. Nissan Motor Co., unveiled a newly developed 1.2-liter engine and CO 2 emissions of 95 grams per kilometer (New European Drive Cycle).
At the SAE 2010 World Congress in Detroit, a series of new papers explored different aspects of strategies and implementations of using boosted HCCI to extend the HCCI engine operating range. The larger turbocharger increases the pumping work since it cannot be run efficiently by the exhaust gases. Boosted HCCI with Regular Gasoline.
Professor Stan Golunski, Deputy Director of the newly established Cardiff Catalysis Institute , in collaboration with engineers at Brunel and Birmingham Universities, is investigating the feasibility of an on-board exhaust gas reforming system to improve combustion and recover waste heat. Energy Environ. doi: 10.1039/b927199f. 2007.12.028.
Hydrogen: not a stand-in for gasoline. As I watched this, I started to believe that there is actually enormous potential in the characteristics unique to hydrogen engines instead of simply treating it as a substitute for gasoline. —Yamaha President Hidaka at the Nov 2021 venue. —Takeshi Yamada.
The 2010 Lexus LS 600h hybrid. Further development of the Lexus Hybrid Drive system has been revised to meet Euro V exhaust emissions standards, but with no change to the car’s performance: the combination of the 5.0-liter Click to enlarge. seconds.
GM Europe is launching the Chevrolet Spark ( earlier post ), providing more detail on the all-new mini car prior to its going on sale in Europe in the first quarter of 2010. Two gasoline engines are on offer at launch with displacements of 1.0 The mini-car (A car) segment is the fastest growing area of the new car market globally.
Contribution of gasoline and diesel exhaust to SOA over 0% to 50% diesel fuel use. The study determined that, depending on a region’s fuel use, diesel exhaust is responsible for 65% to 90% of vehicular-derived SOA, with substantial contributions from aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Gentner et al. Click to enlarge.
compacts under 1,400 kg in weight—a stoichiometric 3-cylinder turbocharged gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine offers an optimal combination of cost, lower emissions and reductions in fuel consumption, according to an analysis by Delphi Powertrain presented at the recent SAE 2010 World Congress. Earlier post.). Source: Kirwan et al.
Based on a three-year study of toxic and environmentally relevant pollutants from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, Swiss researchers have concluded that some GDI engines emit just as many soot particles as unfiltered diesel cars did in the past. Further, the GDI particles carry numerous carcinogenic substances. —Norbert Heeb.
The gasoline engine delivers 105 hp (72 kW) at 5500 rpm and maximum torque of 145 N·m (107 lb-ft) at 2000 rpm/min, with combined cycle fuel consumption of 4.2 This is the lowest consumption of any of the gasoline or diesel MiTo engines, while power delivery and torque are the second-highest of the MiTo gasoline range.
Fuel-cycle SO 2 emissions of EVs compared to those of gasoline ICEVs and HEVs in China, current (left) and future (right). The study examined the fuel-cycle CO 2 , SO 2 , and NO x emissions of EVs in China in both current (2008) and future (2030) periods and compared them with those of conventional gasoline vehicles and gasoline hybrids.
The new generation smart fortwo will be launched in the autumn of 2010 with a fresh interior look, an upgraded exterior and engines with lowered fuel consumption. The optimized gasoline engines also set new low levels of CO 2 emissions. smartfortwo 2010 Overview. The 40 kW cdi turbodiesel features fuel consumption of 3.3
Sales will begin on 21 November, starting with the gasoline engine and a hybrid models, to be followed by a diesel version. This will make Mazda the first domestic automaker to offer gasoline, diesel and hybrid versions of a single model in Japan. On the gasoline side, the powertrain lineup includes a new SKYACTIV-G 1.5-liter
Renault held a “2010 Environment Workshop” last week to showcase its progress across its range of vehicles’ full lifecycle through the Renault eco² program. New TCe gasoline engine family. Scheduled for launch in 2012, it is expected to account for 85% of Renault’s gasoline engine sales in 2015. Variable swirl technology.
The process involves introduction of a low reactivity fuel into the cylinder to create a well-mixed charge of low reactivity fuel, air and recirculated exhaust gases. Complies with EPA 2010 emissions guidelines without exhaust after treatment. Derek Splitter, Reed Hanson, Rolf Reitz.
As part of the new technology to achieve this vision, the company disclosed plans to introduce a next-generation gasoline engine called SKYACTIV-X in 2019. This new proprietary combustion engine combines the advantages of gasoline and diesel engines to optimize environmental performance, power and acceleration performance. Yamasaki, Y.,
Theta II GDI, its first Gasoline Direct Injection engine before an audience of engineers attending the Ninth Annual Hyundai-Kia International Powertrain Conference in Korea. Theta II GDI engine will make its debut in the first half of 2010 starting with the recently launched Sonata. Theta II GDI. Click to enlarge. Earlier post.).
Ford’s all-new 2011 Ford F-Series Super Duty trucks are equipped with new diesel and gasoline engine powertrains that deliver improvements in torque, horsepower and fuel economy. liter V-8 gas engine average a 15% improvement in fuel economy versus 2010 models. Trucks equipped with the new base 6.2-liter
liter gasoline direct injection engines. In cold starts, this injection technology also contributes to quick heating of the catalytic converter, which in turn hastens the exhaust cleaning process. GTDi T3 and T4 will launch in autumn 2010 together with the new Volvo S60 and V60. 4-cylinder gasoline turbo. GTDi Specs.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin, led by Dr. Rolf Reitz, are investigating a blended dual-fuel (gasoline and diesel) concept to extend the operating range of partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion by using the varying fuel reactivity of the charge blend, which is determined in real time. Source: Rolf Reitz.
Because NO 2 constitutes less than 10% of NO x in the diesel engine-out exhaust, an oxidation catalyst is required to increase the NO 2 fraction. Platinum has been found to be especially active for NO oxidation; thus, Pt-based diesel oxidation (DOC) and LNT catalysts have been widely used for diesel exhaust aftertreatment. Science Vol.
The total lead inventory for 2008 will be available in 2010. EPA has issued an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPR) on lead emissions from piston-engine aircraft using leaded aviation gasoline (avgas). A fraction of lead is retained in the engine, engine oil and/or exhaust system, which EPA currently estimates at 5%.
Any new tire or tire tread used for retreading manufactured after first January 2010 may not contain any extender oil with more than 1 mg kg benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) or more than 10 mg kg ?1 Data available of dibenzopyrenes in other urban emission sources are diesel and gasoline particulate emissions. —Sadiktsis et al.
The 2010 Terrain will feature a choice of two new direct injection engines. The newly introduced GMC Terrain ( earlier post ) became the latest GM North American model that will feature a fuel-efficient gasoline direct injection (DI) engine in 2010. These are joined in 2010 by the new Ecotec 2.4L (LAF) and 3.0L
the criteria pollutants and CO 2 that emerge with the exhaust from the tailpipe. However, there is more than 15 years of research showing that the contribution of non-exhaust primary particles to the total traffic generated primary particles is significant in urban areas. Further, a 2013 review by Denier van der Gon et al. Background.
Toyota anticipates a 1/3 full hybrid, 1/3 gasoline, 1/3 diesel engine mix. The launch of the Auris Hybrid in 2010 ( earlier post ) made Toyota the first manufacturer to offer a choice of three powertrains in the C-segment. This has been achieved within the new Auris gasoline engine range through the use of high, 11.5:1
Ford selected BorgWarner to supply the turbocharger technology for its new four-cylinder EcoBoost engine, scheduled to make its global debut early in 2010. liter gasoline engines combine turbocharging and fuel injection technology to deliver greater fuel economy. The direct-injected 1.6-liter liter and 2.0-liter BorgWarner turbo.
Researchers from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the University of Michigan report on the use a “dieseline” blend—an 80:20 blend of diesel and gasoline—for the simultaneous reduction of NO x and smoke emissions in a Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) mode and the extension of low-emission and high-efficiency operational range of the engine.
TSCi combustion minimizes heat loss to the cylinder walls and in the exhaust. The company currently is optimizing the system for use in modern high-compression diesel architecture engines, near-term running on gasoline while longer-term utilizing advanced low-carbon fuels. As a comparison, the 2010 Prius delivers 51 mpg US (4.6
The next generation of Ford’s EcoBoost turbocharged, direct-injection gasoline engines will introduce cooled EGR (exhaust gas recirculation), enabling higher compression ratios, according to Ford executives speaking at the SAE 2010 World Congress in Detroit. SAE 2010-01-0353. Alger et al. ,
The TJI system, which replaces the spark plug, has supported peak indicated net thermal efficiency of 42% with near zero engine out NO x emissions in single cylinder experiments, according to a set of papers presented by MAHLE and Michigan State University at the SAE 2010 Powertrains Fuels & Lubricants meeting in San Diego.
outlined the range of fuel-saving technologies—including 3- and 4-cylinder engines, CVT transmission with stop-start system and new hybrid system ( earlier post ) to be introduced on new models to be launched in fiscal year 2010. The hybrid system is scheduled to launch on the Infiniti M in late 2010. Nissan’s new 1.5-liter
DISI gasoline engine. This engine provides fuel economy that exceeds Japan’s “2010 fuel economy standard plus 15%.” All grades come with Mazda’s single-nanocatalyst technology ( earlier post ), which provides exacting exhaust purification performance while reducing the amount of precious metals needed by more than 70%.
The new generation smart fortwo, to be launched in the autumn of 2010, will feature engines with lower fuel consumption, as well as a fresh interior look and an upgraded exterior. The optimized gasoline engines also lower their CO 2 emissions. The 40 kW cdi turbodiesel features CO 2 emissions of just 86 g/km.
Since 2013, the share of premium gasoline in total motor gasoline sales in the US has steadily increased to 11.3% Turbochargers work by using a turbine driven off the exhaust gas to pressurize the intake air. The octane rating of gasoline is an indicator of its resistance to spontaneous combustion. of the market.
Achates Power, the developer of a family of two-stroke compression-ignition opposed-piston engines ( earlier post ), has been selected by APRA-E under its OPEN 2015 solicitation ( earlier post ) for an award of more than $9 million to develop a multi-cylinder opposed piston engine operating with compression ignition that uses gasoline as the fuel.
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