Green Car Congress

MAY 17, 2018

Emissions of one of the chemicals most responsible for the Antarctic ozone hole are on the rise, despite an international treaty that required an end to its production in 2010, a new study by researchers at NOAA and their colleagues shows. —NOAA scientist Stephen Montzka, lead author of the paper.

Ozone 170

Ozone Emissions 2002 2010 170

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 9, 2011

US EPA Region 9 8-hour ozone trends, 1979-2000. These State Implementation Plans (SIPs) are the roadmaps to meeting the 1997 8-hour ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of 0.08 In 1997, EPA first established the 8-hour ozone standard, which replaced the older 1-hour ozone standard (0.12 Source: EPA.

Ozone 236

Ozone EPA Pollution 2002 236

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 16, 2009

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will reconsider the 2008 primary and secondary ozone standards. In 2008, EPA established a new primary 8-hour standard for ozone of 0.075 parts per million (ppm), and a new secondary standard set at a form and level identical to the new primary standard. ppm standard, due to rounding.

Ozone 199

Ozone EPA Standards 2008 199

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 7, 2010

Counties projected to violate proposed Primary 8-hour Ground-Level Ozone Standards in 2020. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has proposed the strictest standards to date for ground-level ozone. EPA is proposing an accelerated schedule for designating areas for the primary ozone standard. 2010 in Arlington, Va.

Ozone 186

Ozone EPA Standards Arlington 186

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 4, 2013

2010 engines emissions reduction relative to 2010, 2007, and 2004 US emission standards. The study, the Phase 2 Report of the comprehensive Advanced Collaborative Emissions Study (ACES). These reductions came while emissions of fine particles were also 92% lower than the 2010 standard 99% lower than 2004 emissions.

Diesel 296

Diesel Emissions 2004 San Antonio 296

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 21, 2011

The decrease in CO 2 equivalent emissions of ODSs (ozone-depleting substances: CFCs, halons, HCFCs, and others) may be offset by the projected increase in their non-ozone depleting substitutes (HFCs) (lines designated as HFC scenarios). Climate and the Ozone Layer. Source: UNEP. Click to enlarge.

Climate 287

Climate Ozone Emissions Transportation 287

Green Car Congress

MARCH 17, 2010

In a new study published online 10 March in the ACS journal Environmental Science and Technology , however, Stanford University professor Mark Jacobson finds that local CO 2 emissions in isolation may increase local ozone and particulate matter. Jacobson, 2010. Not all carbon dioxide emissions are equal. Mark Jacobson.

Ozone 218

Ozone Los Angeles Pollution CO2 218

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 28, 2010

The two combine in the atmosphere to make either nitric acid or peroxynitrous acid; the so-called branching ratio of these two chemicals is important in models of ozone production. This means less of the hydroxyl radical and nitrogen dioxide go away, leading to proportionately more ozone, mostly in polluted areas, Okumura said.

Ozone 210

Ozone Los Angeles Pollution California 210

Green Car Congress

JULY 22, 2010

Illustration of projected ozone changes in the South Coast region due to climate change in 2050. Areas in orange and red could see ozone concentrations elevated by 9 to 18 parts per billion. These narrow-focused models utilize high-resolution information about the geography, meteorology and emissions of these areas.

Climate Change 199

Climate Change Ozone Climate California 199

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 9, 2012

A scatter plot of CO, as a tracer for pollution, versus CO 2 , as a tracer for the amount of combustion, for 2002 and 2010. Even though the CO 2 enhancements over background were comparable in the two years, about 25 ppm in 2002 and 35 ppm in 2010, the ?CO/?CO2 CO2 ratio for this flight track segment decreased from 24.5

Los Angeles 285

Los Angeles Gasoline Ozone 2002 285

Green Car Congress

JULY 18, 2010

Researchers at the University of Colorado, Boulder and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) modeled the emissions impact had plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) replaced light duty gasoline vehicles in the Denver, Colorado area in summer 2006. VOC emissions would have been reduced by 57 tpd. For other areas, where PM2.5

Denver 170

Denver Ozone PHEV Colorado 170

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2020

The transportation sector was responsible for over 7 million tons of NO x emissions in the US in 2014, with 50% of this sector’s NO x attributed to heavy-duty on- and off-road vehicles and equipment. NO x is a precursor for both ground level ozone and secondary PM 2.5 Source of data: US EPA (2019). Chart: MECA.

Emissions 291

Emissions Diesel Engine 2010 291

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2013

In its recently released Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990 – 2011 ( earlier post ), the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reported that methane (CH 4 ) emissions from the field production of natural gas have declined by 36% from 2007 to 2011 (from 83.1 CH 4 emissions represented 8.8%

2007 285

2007 2011 EPA Gas 285

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 22, 2011

The amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere reached a new high in 2010 since pre-industrial time and the rate of increase has accelerated, according to the World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO) Greenhouse Gas Bulletin. This is primarily because of emissions from combustion of fossil fuels, deforestation and changes in land-use.

2010 199

2010 Industry Industrial Ozone 199

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 28, 2014

Five technology paths for very-low-NO x and GHG emissions from heavy-duty natural gas engines. The “Pathways to Near-Zero-Emission Natural Gas Heavy Duty Vehicles” report, authored by GNA on behalf of Southern California Gas Co. An 80% reduction of GHG emissions is targeted for 2050, relative to 1990 levels. Click to enlarge.

Gas 257

Gas Climate Emissions California 257

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2023

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced a new review of the Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). In October 2021, EPA announced a reconsideration of the previous Administration’s decision to retain the NAAQS for ozone. In many of the areas designated as not meeting the current 2015 standards, work remains.

Ozone 150

Ozone EPA Standards Pollution 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 22, 2010

Increasing the reflectivity or albedo of roofs and pavements in urban areas could offset greenhouse gas emissions by a significant amount, according to an open access paper published last month in the IOP journal Environmental Research Letters. 5 014005 doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/01400.

Climate 223

Climate Emissions Climate Change Ozone 223

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 19, 2019

W/m 2 before 2100 without overshoot by employment of a range of technologies and strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.). We find that, assuming pollution emissions and population are held constant at current levels, climate change would adversely affect future air quality for >85% of China’s population (?55% (The RCP 4.5

Climate Change 277

Climate Change Climate Ozone Future 277

Green Car Congress

APRIL 13, 2014

Decomposition of the decadal change in total global CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion by four driving factors; population, income (GDP) per capita, energy intensity of GDP and carbon intensity of energy. giga tonne carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO 2 eq) (2.2%) per year from 2000 to 2010 compared to 0.4 GtCO 2 eq/yr in 2010.

Emissions 257

Emissions Climate Change 2000 Climate 257

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 7, 2009

A single proposal may target multiple fleets, fleet types and/or diesel emission reduction solutions. The total estimated funding for this competitive opportunity for FY 2009/2010 is approximately $64 million, including all non-tribal and tribal awards. Tags: Diesel Emissions Policy.

2009 199

2009 EPA Diesel 2010 199

Green Car Congress

APRIL 4, 2011

Climate response to non-CO 2 vehicle emissions. Global and regional zonal mean temperature changes relative to 2010 due to non-CO 2. vehicle emissions under the baseline scenario (a) and the difference between the tight-standard and baseline scenarios (b). Impacts of worldwide vehicle emissions in 2030 compared with 2000.

Climate 231

Climate Standards Emissions Climate Change 231

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 23, 2020

Despite reports that global emissions of the potent greenhouse gas, HFC-23, were almost eliminated in 2017, an international team of scientists, led by the University of Bristol, has found atmospheric levels growing at record values. As a result, they reported that they had almost completely eliminated HFC-23 emissions by 2017.

Emissions 199

Emissions Ozone India 2017 199

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2010

Lisa P Jackson, Administrator of the US Environmental Protection Agency, issued a public memo to EPA employees detaling “ seven key themes to focus the work of our agency ” in 2010 and beyond. The seven themes are: Taking Action on Climate Change. Improving Air Quality.

EPA 170

EPA 2010 Climate Change Mercury 170

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 19, 2010

Radiative forcing due to perpetual constant year 2000 emissions grouped by sector for 2020 (left) and 2100 (right) showing the contribution from each species. This approach will make it easier to identify sectors for which emission reductions will be most beneficial for climate and those which may produce unintended consequences.”.

Transportation 391

Transportation Climate Change Powered Power 391

Green Car Congress

MAY 28, 2010

In addition to studying the important issues at the nexus of the air quality and climate change problems, the goal of CalNex 2010 is also to provide scientific information regarding the trade-offs faced by decision makers when addressing these two inter-related issues. 2010 CalNex Science and Implementation Plan.

Climate Change 210

Climate Change Climate Pollution California 210

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 11, 2012

Contributions of regions to total life cycle emissions for three fuels (µg per vehicle-mile traveled per km 2 land area). Dashed lines show US average emissions. Associated tailpipe emissions alone account for 40?60% Credit: ACS, Tessum et al. Click to enlarge. —Tessum et al.

Gasoline 236

Gasoline Emissions Gasoline-Electric Pollution 236

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2016

Ethane reacts with sunlight and other molecules in the atmosphere to form ozone, which at the surface can cause respiratory problems, eye irritation and other ailments and damage crops. Two percent might not sound like a lot, but the emissions we observed in this single region are 10 to 100 times larger than reported in inventories.

Ozone 150

Ozone Global Emissions North Dakota 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 15, 2009

The existing US NO x cap-and-trade program lowered 2008 summertime NO x emissions from power plants and large industrial sources 62% compared to year 2000 levels and 75% lower than in 1990, according to a report released by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). State level ozone emissions in the NBP, from 1990 to 2010 (projected).

United States 199

United States District of Columbia Ozone 2008 199

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 2, 2012

Following this BAU scenario, the researchers projected that air quality for the global average citizen in 2050 would be almost comparable to that for the average citizen in East Asia in the year 2005—an outcome which underscores the need to pursue emission reductions, according to the authors. Resources. Zimmermann, U.M. Doering, J.

India 240

India Global 2005 Asia 240

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 26, 2009

The California Air Resources Board directed its staff to take steps to provide further locomotive and rail yard emission reductions beyond those achieved by existing US Environmental Protection Agency and state regulations and agreements. While we are pleased to have already reduced diesel emissions at the rail yards, it’s not enough.

Diesel 170

Diesel Emissions California 2007 170

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2011

Data collected during a major 2010 state-federal atmospheric research project show that the first-in-the-nation regulation requiring ocean-going vessels to use clean fuel when near the California coast has been extremely effective in reducing sulfur dioxide pollution from ships, according to the California Air Resources Board (ARB).

Pollution 186

Pollution California Clean Cleaning 186

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 28, 2009

Carefully choosing how we reduce greenhouse gas emissions will have the added benefit of reducing global health inequities. Climate change due to emission of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel energy sources causes air pollution by increasing ground-level ozone and concentrations of fine particulate matter. —Kirk R.

Pollution 210

Pollution Climate Change Ozone Climate 210

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 28, 2011

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has designated the five-county Philadelphia region of Bucks, Delaware, Chester, Montgomery and Philadelphia counties as non-attainment for ozone and fine particulate matter air quality standards. Berks, Lehigh and Northampton counties recently achieved attainment status for federal ozone standards.

Pennsylvania 186

Pennsylvania Grant Clean Cleaning 186

Green Car Congress

MAY 6, 2010

The testing program has eight projects underway or pending, exploring engine and vehicle compatibility and emissions issues resulting from the use of higher blends. The initial phase of vehicle data collection has been completed, and two additional phases are planned for 2010. Evaporative emissions durability. Earlier post.)

Vehicles 186

Vehicles Emissions 2010 Ozone 186

Green Car Congress

MAY 23, 2010

It is also a critical factor in meeting evaporative emission requirements. Evaporative emissions from gasoline—volatile organic compounds (VOCs)—are precursors to the formation of tropospheric ozone and contribute to ground-level ozone. Nielsen (2010) Vapor Pressures of Alcohol-Gasoline Blends. Anderson, T.

Alcohol Blend 210

Alcohol Blend Gasoline Ozone Fuel 210

Green Car Congress

APRIL 19, 2013

The study also shows that the proportion of gaseous aromatic compounds—apart from benzene—in hydrocarbon emissions is two to three times greater in pollution plumes in Paris than in Los Angeles, even though the total quantity of hydrocarbons emitted in Los Angeles remains considerably greater than in Paris. Sarda-Estève, J.

Los Angeles 225

Los Angeles Pollution Gasoline Engine 225

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 22, 2010

Scientists report in an open access paper this week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) that river and stream networks are the source of at least 10% of human-caused nitrous oxide emissions to the atmosphere. This new global emission estimate is startling. Beaulieu et al. PNAS doi: 10.1073/pnas.1011464108.

New Hampshire 199

New Hampshire Global Climate Change Ozone 199