Green Car Congress

AUGUST 12, 2009

US CO 2 emissions growth. In its current version of the Short Term Energy Outlook ( STEO ), the US Energy Information Administration projects a 5% decline in fossil-fuel-based CO 2 emissions in 2009. decrease in CO 2 emissions from fossil fuels in 2008. decline in consumption), distillate fuel oil (an 8.2% Natural Gas.

2009 220

2009 Emissions Gasoline Fuel 220

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 4, 2013

Shell has developed a lead-free replacement for aviation gasoline (Avgas 100 and 100LL); the replacement fuel will now begin a strict regulatory approvals process. Shell is the first major oil company to do so. Leaded gasoline for automobiles was phased out of use in the US by 1995 due to its environmental and health impact.)

Gasoline 246

Gasoline EPA Emissions Fuel 246

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 27, 2011

Value of life-cycle emissions externality damages and oil premium costs from vehicles in 2010 $. We compare externality and oil consumption costs to the costs of owning and operating these vehicles and to subsidies designed to encourage their adoption. Michalek et al. Click to enlarge. Michalek and colleagues.

PHEV 186

PHEV Oil Emissions Batteries 186

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 24, 2015

billion barrels of foreign oil and reduced US transportation-related carbon emissions by 589.33 To develop its estimates, BIO utilized the GREET1.2013 model to compare carbon emissions from the mixture of US transportation fuels (both petroleum and biofuel) under two scenarios. million metric tons.

Carbon 150

Carbon Emissions 2005 Renewable 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 3, 2010

Toyota introduced the Auris Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD) at the 2010 Geneva motor show, marking a significant milestone in Toyota’s planned deployment of the Hybrid Synergy Drive powertrain across Toyota’s entire model range by early 2020s. L/100km (62 mpg US), with CO 2 emissions of 89 g/km. liter diesel or gasoline hatchback.

2010 199

2010 Gasoline Toyota Diesel 199

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 19, 2012

Aerodynamic improvements, weight savings and engine enhancements have reduced fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions across the range. Toyota anticipates a 1/3 full hybrid, 1/3 gasoline, 1/3 diesel engine mix. Average emissions for Auris—which is designed for the European market—have fallen steadily over the last years.

Gasoline 252

Gasoline Diesel Toyota Emissions 252

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 4, 2011

A new study on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the conversion and degradation of peatland in palm oil plantations in Southeast Asia has determined that past studies have generally significantly underestimated emissions associated with palm oil grown on peatland.

Oil 239

Oil Carbon Emissions Europe 239

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 13, 2013

EPA projects advanced transmissions (6+ speeds and CVTs), gasoline direct injection (GDI) systems, and turbocharged engines will be installed on at least 15% of all MY 2013 vehicles. The majority of the emissions and fuel savings from current vehicles, EPA noted, is due to new gasoline vehicle technologies. Click to enlarge.

Fuel Economy 247

Fuel Economy 2012 Economy EPA 247

Green Car Congress

APRIL 22, 2010

The increasing contribution of lead from avgas to the total inventory of lead emissions. The total lead inventory for 2008 will be available in 2010. EPA has issued an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPR) on lead emissions from piston-engine aircraft using leaded aviation gasoline (avgas). Source: EPA.

EPA 199

EPA Gasoline Emissions 2008 199

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 31, 2011

World ethanol and biodiesel production, 1975-2010. Global production of biofuels increased 17% in 2010 to reach an all-time high of 105 billion liters (28 billion gallons US), up from 90 billion liters (24 billion gallons US) in 2009. Source: Worldwatch Institute. Click to enlarge. billion liters abroad, a 300% increase over 2009.

2010 256

2010 Brazil Global Argentina 256

Green Car Congress

JUNE 7, 2017

A new study by researchers at the University of Colorado at Boulder projects the emission impacts of the widespread introduction of inexpensive and efficient electric vehicles into the US light duty vehicle (LDV) sector. Total NO x , VOCs, and SO 2 emissions are similar in OPT and BAU due to inter-sectoral shifts. Click to enlarge.

Emissions 150

Emissions Economy Gasoline-Electric Coal 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 3, 2009

Researchers at the University of Wisconsin, led by Dr. Rolf Reitz, are investigating a blended dual-fuel (gasoline and diesel) concept to extend the operating range of partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion by using the varying fuel reactivity of the charge blend, which is determined in real time. Source: Rolf Reitz.

Wisconsin 225

Wisconsin Gasoline Diesel Universal 225

Green Car Congress

JULY 17, 2010

liter engine, the HR12DDR, which aims to achieve the lowest level of fuel consumption in the world for gasoline-powered cars while delivering power output equivalent to that of a 1.5L engine and CO 2 emissions of 95 grams per kilometer (New European Drive Cycle). Nissan Motor Co., unveiled a newly developed 1.2-liter The new March.

Gasoline 218

Gasoline Engine Nissan Fuel 218

Green Car Congress

MARCH 26, 2015

The Cummins team not only surpassed all fuel-economy targets, but also achieved criteria emissions lower than the stringent Tier 2/Bin 2 levels. Specifically, we knew that weight reduction, advanced emissions control technologies, advanced thermal management and powertrain integration would be critical to meeting all of the requirements.

Fuel Economy 150

Fuel Economy Economy Diesel Light 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 13, 2011

Maximum gasoline sulfur limits. A trio of European countries and one from South America made major strides in reducing their levels of sulfur content in gasoline, allowing them to advance in the annual global ranking published by Hart Energy’s International Fuel Quality Center (IFQC). Sulfur is found naturally in crude oil.

Gasoline 231

Gasoline Standards Montenegro Croatia 231

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 19, 2009

The Opel Corsa is receiving a complete re-make for 2010, with major engineering changes, re-vamped powertrain line-up, chassis improvements and steering recalibration to give the Corsa better performance and greater fuel economy as well as comfort, handling and driving dynamics. Gasoline engine line-up. Both the 1.2- L/100 km (44.4

2010 170

2010 Emissions Fuel CO2 170

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 9, 2012

Comparison of GHGenius, JACOBS, TIAX, and the new PRELIM gasoline greenhouse gas (GHG) estimates using base case estimates and variations from the scenario analysis. Given the magnitude of upstream emissions from the sector, they said, their findings have implications for both policy and mitigation of GHG emissions.

Oil-Sands 236

Oil-Sands Emissions Oil Hydrogen 236

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 1, 2011

” Their analysis is in the context of the “ surprising [oil] demand strength of 2010 “; 2010 saw absolute incremental demand at around 2.2mb/d of growth—the second highest in 30 years, despite oil prices in the $90/bbl region. gallon gasoline. Click to enlarge. Click to enlarge.

Transportation 250

Transportation Gasoline Lithium Ion Gasoline-Electric 250

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 13, 2011

Canada is moving forward with the requirement for an average 2% renewable content in diesel fuel and heating oil. After positive results, we are moving forward with this requirement which will result in further reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and ultimately in cleaner air for all Canadians.

Canada 210

Canada Renewable Oil Diesel 210

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 3, 2010

The Government of Canada has finalized regulations requiring an average renewable fuel content of 5% in gasoline; the regulations comes into effect starting 15 December 2010. These regulations are one pillar of the Government’s broader Renewable Fuels Strategy.

Canada 199

Canada Renewable Gasoline Fuel 199

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2013

By 2040, hybrids are expected to account for about 35% of the global light-duty vehicle fleet, up from less than 1% in 2010. Energy-related CO 2 emissions. Market forces and emerging public policies will continue to have an impact on energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. liters per 100 km) in 2010. Source: ExxonMobil.

Oil-Sands 309

Oil-Sands Energy Hybrid Sale 309

Green Car Congress

JUNE 13, 2012

Oil remains the world’s leading fuel, but its 33.1% seen in 2010, according to the newly released BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2012. Oil demand grew by less than 1%—the slowest rate amongst fossil fuels—while gas grew by 2.2%, and coal was the only fossil fuel with above average annual consumption growth at 5.4%

Coal 261

Coal Oil Renewable Saudi Arabia 261

Green Car Congress

APRIL 7, 2020

As part of its Sustainable Zoom-Zoom 2030 long-term technology development program, the company is committed to reducing its average Well-to-Wheel CO 2 emissions to 50% of 2010 levels by 2030, and to 90% by 2050. liter 180ps Skyactiv-X Spark Controlled Compression Ignition (SPCCI) gasoline engine. Earlier post.). Earlier post.).

Mazda 243

Mazda Lithium Ion Automobile Industry Fuel 243

Green Car Congress

MARCH 13, 2020

This volume of renewable fuel can reduce emissions from cars and planes by 2.5 The new plant is scheduled to be put on-stream in 2024 and will be dedicated to producing renewable fuels from tall oil, tallow, and other renewable feedstocks. million tons CO 2 every year.

Renewable 221

Renewable Diesel Fuel Production 221

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 4, 2018

Forge’s technology heats waste lipids such as cooking oil, animal renderings and crop seed oil with water at a high temperature, creating fatty acids and glycerol. This turns the acids into hydrocarbons that are separated into various fuels, including gasoline and diesel. C until the oxygen within is released.

Canada 249

Canada Universal Oil Fuel 249

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 18, 2010

Transforming agricultural residues into next-generation ethanol and biochemicals could create up to one million jobs in the EU27 by 2020, while theoretically replacing up to 62% of the EU’s forecast fossil-based gasoline consumption, according to a new study released by Bloomberg New Energy Finance with the support of Novozymes and DSM.

Gasoline 253

Gasoline Europe 2020 2015 253

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 26, 2018

Across its life cycle, a typical electric car in Europe produces fewer greenhouse gases and air pollutants compared with its gasoline or diesel equivalent, according to the report. Emissions are usually higher in the production phase of electric cars, but these are more than offset by lower emissions in the use phase over time.

Climate 268

Climate Pollution Gasoline-Electric 2017 268

Green Car Congress

MARCH 4, 2015

With the launch of the Auris Hybrid in 2010, Toyota became the first manufacturer to offer a choice of three powertrains (gasoline, gasoline-electric hybrid, and diesel) in the C-segment. liter D-4D engine has been substantially upgraded, offering best-in-class CO 2 emissions in the 90 hp category. Click to enlarge.

Gasoline 150

Gasoline Engine Toyota Gasoline-Electric 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 7, 2010

Renault held a “2010 Environment Workshop” last week to showcase its progress across its range of vehicles’ full lifecycle through the Renault eco² program. Renault’s engineers worked particularly hard on tuning the 85hp and 105hp dCi engines to optimize CO 2 emissions without detracting from performance. Select Engines. dCi engines.

Environment 230

Environment Engine 2010 Parts 230

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 10, 2014

As the world population increases by the estimated 30% from 2010 to 2040, ExxonMobil sees global GDP rising by about 140%, but energy demand by only about 35% due to greater efficiency. Progress on curbing carbon dioxide emissions through 2040 will be led by OECD nations as energy demand declines and a shift to lower-carbon fuels occurs.

Energy 252

Energy Global 2010 Oil-Sands 252

Green Car Congress

MARCH 8, 2010

CO 2 emissions from transportation sector by scenario in the study. The dashed blue line is 2005 emissions; the scale on the right shows the percent of 2005 level. Economy-wide CO 2 prices of $30-60/t CO 2 are too weak on their own to motivate significant reductions in CO 2 emissions from transportation. Source: Morrow et al.

Tax Credit 220

Tax Credit Tax Emissions Fuel 220

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 20, 2011

Since the regulation went into effect [15 April 2010], regulated parties have operated under the LCFS program with no significant compliance issues. High Carbon-Intensity Crude Oil (HCICO). High Carbon-Intensity Crude Oil (HCICO). Reporting Requirements. a crude is determine to either be a HCICO or a non-HCICO).

Carbon 231

Carbon Oil California Standards 231

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 15, 2018

The LCFS program, which is administered by the California Air Resources Board, sets standards to decrease the carbon intensity of motor gasoline and diesel fuel incrementally by at least 10% by 2020 relative to a 2010 baseline. Much of this low carbon intensity fuel is made from used cooking oil feedstock.

Diesel 283

Diesel Renewable Carbon Standards 283

Green Car Congress

MARCH 13, 2017

The California Air Resources Board (ARB) Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) staff has released for public comment four new Tier 2 renewable diesel (RD) pathways using soy oil, used cooking oil, tallow, and corn oil at the Diamond Green facility in St. Direct Emissions. Used Cooking Oil. Charles, Louisiana.

Renewable 170

Renewable Diesel California Louisiana 170

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 17, 2009

Theta II GDI, its first Gasoline Direct Injection engine before an audience of engineers attending the Ninth Annual Hyundai-Kia International Powertrain Conference in Korea. Theta II GDI engine will make its debut in the first half of 2010 starting with the recently launched Sonata. Theta II GDI. Click to enlarge. Earlier post.).

Gasoline 210

Gasoline Hyundai Engine Production 210

Green Car Congress

APRIL 30, 2016

A new study by consultancy Roland Berger defines an integrated roadmap for European road transport decarbonization to 2030 and beyond; the current regulatory framework for vehicle emissions, carbon intensity of fuels and use of renewable fuels covers only up to 2020/2021. GHG abatement in road transport sector will cost approx.

Emissions 150

Emissions Transportation Fuel Vehicles 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 21, 2012

Tax credits and gasoline prices necessary for various electric vehicles to be cost-competitive with conventional vehicles at 2011 vehicle prices. Those people who purchase electric vehicles because of the tax credit use less gasoline and produce fewer emissions of greenhouse gases than would otherwise be the case. Source: CBO.

Tax Credit 252

Tax Credit Gasoline Tax Gasoline-Electric 252