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The results, they say, are broadly relevant to reactions involving the use of IL-H 2 O mixtures (as solvents, reactants, or catalysts), including, but not limited to, organic catalysis, electrochemistry, and biomass processing or conversion. A paper describing the work was published 10 March in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have developed a new catalyst—iron-centered tetraamido macrocyclic ligand (Fe-TAML)—that efficiently catalyzes water oxidation. Water oxidation is the second of two requisite half-reactions in the photolysis of water, the other being the reduction of protons to dihydrogen. At pH 0.7,
The material then readily strips oxygen atoms from carbon dioxide and water, forming CO and hydrogen, respectively, which are combined to create fuels. Haile, and Aldo Steinfeld (2010)High-Flux Solar-Driven Thermochemical Dissociation of CO 2 and H 2 O Using Nonstoichiometric Ceria. additional quench or separation steps). Science Vol.
Daniel Nocera and his associates have found another formulation, based on inexpensive and widely available materials, that can efficiently catalyze the splitting of water molecules using electricity. Nocera (2010) Nickel-borate oxygen-evolving catalyst that functions under benign conditions. Earlier post.). Earlier post.) Mircea Dinc?,
Hydrated niobium pentoxide (Nb 2 O 5 · nH 2 O 1 ) after pretreatment showed high catalytic activities for dehydration of mono- and polysaccharide to HMF at 433K in water-2-butanol (2:3 v/v) biphasic system, giving high HMF yield of 89% and 54% from fructose and inulin respectively. —Yang et al. 2010.10.023.
Researchers in China report on the direct conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) catalyzed by germanium(IV) chloride in ionic liquids in a new paper in the journal ChemSusChem. The structure of ionic liquids, catalyst loading, reaction temperature and water content had noticeable effects on this catalytic system.
Angela Belcher, has engineered a common bacteriophage virus (M13) to function as a scaffold to mediate the co-assembly of zinc porphyrins (photosensitizer) and iridium oxide hydrosol clusters (catalyst) for visible light-driven water oxidation. Angela Belcher.
The company’s patented technology allows the production of renewable hydrogen as well as the direct conversion of water and CO 2 into raw material for petrochemical products. It enables the production of emission-free renewable hydrogen and conversion of CO 2 into fuels, chemicals and materials.
Schematic representation and operating principles of the lithium–water electrochemical cell used for hydrogen generation: (1) external circuit and (2) inside of lithium–water electrochemical cell. the high-school chemistry demonstration of the violent reaction between sodium and water.). sea water) by using sunlight.
Israel-based NewCO2Fuels (NCF), a subsidiary of GreenEarth Energy Limited in Australia, reported completion of stage 1 testing of its proof-of-concept system for the conversion of CO 2 into fuels using solar energy. Simultaneously, the same device can dissociate water (H 2 O) to hydrogen (H 2 ) and oxygen (O 2 ). Click to enlarge.
H 2 and O 2 are produced by deforming a ZnO fiber or BaTiO 3 dendrite in water via oxidation-reduction reactions. Materials scientists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have discovered a phenomenon—the direct conversion of mechanical energy to chemical energy—which they termed the piezoelectrochemical (PZEC) effect.
Lisa P Jackson, Administrator of the US Environmental Protection Agency, issued a public memo to EPA employees detaling “ seven key themes to focus the work of our agency ” in 2010 and beyond. Protecting America’s Waters. Expanding the Conversation on Environmentalism and Working for Environmental Justice. Improving Air Quality.
Model scope includes all upstream processing of biomass material; conversion to liquid or solid fuel is intentionally excluded. Biofuel conversion processes were excluded from the scope of the analysis. land (ha) energy (MJ) x 10 4 GHG (kg CO 2 e) x 10 4 water (m 3 ) x 10 4 eutrophication (kg PO 4 - equiv). Click to enlarge.
reported a major step forward in its development of renewable fuels, achieving direct microbial conversion of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons via engineered organisms, powered by solar energy. In addition, Joule’s process requires just marginal, non-arable land, no crops and no fresh water. Joule Biotechnologies, Inc. Earlier post.)
Rajai Atalla, founder of the company, said that CSI has achieved conversions on the order of 80% in approximately 20 hours for bleached kraft pulps; conversion of a control was 45%. For corn stover, they have achieved conversion rates that are twice those of controls, Atalla said. Rajai Atalla. Atalla, Rowan S.
EPA’s Office of Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ) is soliciting proposals ( EPA-OAR-OTAQ-14-02 ) that achieve significant reductions in diesel emissions in terms of tons of pollution produced by diesel engines and diesel emissions exposure, from fleets operating at marine and inland water ports.
A team from Shiraz University in Iran is proposing a novel reactor configuration for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) that utilizes a fixed-bed water perm-selective membrane reactor followed by a fluidized-bed hydrogen perm-selective membrane reactor. The concept (FMFMDR) produces gasoline from synthesis gas. —Rahimpour et al.
The US Department of Energy will invest up to $366 million to establish and operate three new Energy Innovation Hubs focused on accelerating research and development in three key energy areas, one of which is developing an effective solar energy to chemical fuel conversion system—i.e.,
New Oil Resources’ process uses near-critical water to treat the biomass in a process commonly referred to as hydrothermal liquefaction or thermal depolymerization. The process has a small footprint, produces renewable energy and is water friendly. New Oil Resources was co-founded by Catallo and Dr. Gary Miller. Gary Miller.
Mha (20%) of the peatlands of Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo in 2010, surpassing the area of Belgium and causing an annual carbon emission from peat decomposition of 230–310 Mt CO 2 e. That number is in my opinion conservative, and consistent with a slight reduction in the rate of peat conversion. —Miettinen et al.
The cost of electrofuels—fuels produced by catalyst-based systems for light capture, water electrolysis, and catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide and hydrogen to liquid fuels—remains far away from viable, according to a new analysis by Lux Research. Production costs per barrel of oil equivalent. Source: Lux Research.
Their analysis suggests that carbon storage loss caused by peatland conversion could be equivalent to as much as 7 years worth of carbon emissions by mining and upgrading (at 2010 levels). t of CO 2 lost, as much as 7-y worth of mining and upgrading emissions at 2010 production levels. —Rooney et al. —Rooney et al.
A pair of Greek researchers are developing new nanomembrane reactors for steam-methane/hydrocarbon reforming and water gas shift reactions. hydrogen) via the inorganic membrane out of the conversion/reaction zone. 2010) Small Scale Reforming Separation Systems with Nanomembrane Reactors for Direct Fuel Cell Applications.
And the new press shop is an important milestone on our “Way To Zero” journey, through which we are aiming to reduce the environmental impact of our production by 2025 in areas such as energy usage, CO 2 emissions, waste and the use of water by 45% per vehicle compared with the baseline year 2010.
Bionic leaves that produce energy-dense fuels from nothing more than sunlight, water and atmosphere-warming carbon dioxide, with no byproducts other than oxygen, represent an ideal sustainable energy alternative to fossil fuels. —Gary Moore. —Gary Moore.
CTV is developing proprietary technology and catalysts for the conversion of lignin into hydrocarbon components for transportation fuels. The presence of carbon monoxide in the syngas can assist with the conversion of lignin, and the observed effect is similar to that seen for coal hydroprocessing with syngas compared to hydrogen alone.
This solid acid catalyst catalyzed simultaneously esterification (the reaction of fatty acids with methanol in the presence of an acid catalyst and water to produce biodiesel) and transesterification (the reaction of triglycerides with methanol in the presence of a catalyst to produce biodiesel). —Baig and Ng. Aijaz Baig and Flora T.
Ignite Energy Resources supercritical water process diagram. IER’s proprietary supercritical water technology (SCW) transforms low-ranked coals, including lignite, directly into higher-valued oils and cleaner coal products. Work is expected to begin in mid-July with the initial plant operating by the second quarter of 2010.
has been awarded a US patent covering its conversion of sunlight and waste carbon dioxide directly into liquid hydrocarbons that are fungible with conventional diesel fuel. Joule has already proven the direct production of diesel, and will begin pilot production by the end of 2010. Joule Unlimited, Inc., Earlier post.).
Schematic illustration of the reactions taking place at the water/oil interface in the solid-stabilized emulsions. Researchers at the University of Oklahoma have developed a new family of solid catalysts that can stabilize water-oil emulsions and catalyze reactions at the liquid/liquid interface. Source: Crossley et al.,
The “smart” buoys, based on integrated patented hydrodynamics, electronics, energy conversion and computer control systems, capture and convert energy from the natural rising and falling of waves into low-cost, clean electricity. The OPT PowerBuoys are point absorbers, with a linear generator for a power take-off system. Earlier post.).
Conversions are expensive, noted Lyle Shuey, Bright VP of Marketing and Sales, and the converted Transporters will not be as efficient as the purpose-built IDEA. Bright plans to begin delivering Transporter PHEVs in the second quarter of 2010. Tags: Batteries Conversions Plug-ins. The IDEA concept. Click to enlarge.
Two chemists at Brown University have streamlined the conversion of waste vegetable oil (WVO) into biodiesel, eliminating the need for corrosive chemicals to perform the reactions. Current techniques for the conversion of waste vegetable oil to biodiesel take time, are costly and are inefficient. WVO to Biodiesel. —Jason Sello.
Researchers at Columbia University’s Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy, in collaboration with Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, DTU, are investigating the high-temperature co-electrolysis of CO 2 and H 2 O using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) to produce a syngas for conversion into liquid hydrocarbon fuels.
A study by a team at the German Aerospace Center (Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR) identified autothermal reforming in combination with a water gas shift reactor as the preferred option for on-board reforming of biodiesel and bioethanol into a hydrogen-rich gas suitable for high temperature PEM (HTPEM) fuel cells.
The main conclusions of the report include: Compared to emission controls on MY 2010 US diesel trucks, today’s compact aftertreatment systems are 40% lighter, 60% smaller, and substantially less expensive. This has resulted in higher catalyst loading per volume of substrate and led to downsizing of systems from those available in 2010.
Comparison of Hg emissions in 2005 and 2010, by selected sector and region. The session is expected to culminate in the adoption of a new convention by the 147 states attending the session to reduce mercury emissions and releases to the air, water and land. Source: UNEP. Click to enlarge.
According to a 2021 report by the International Energy Agency, the average amount of minerals needed for a new unit of power generation capacity has risen by 50% since 2010, as renewable energy technologies using these metals expand their reach. This research was supported by the US Department of Energy and the US National Science Foundation.
A team from the California Air Resources Board (ARB) reports on their evaluation of the in-use emissions performance of four different heavy-duty diesel engines certified to the MY 2010 or interim MY 2010 NO x standards over a wide range of driving conditions in California in a paper published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology.
To overcome these shortcomings, a novel technical approach based on high-temperature water chemistry, known as catalytic hydrothermolysis (CH), has been proposed. The presence of water serves as a reactant, catalyst, and solvent for typically acid- or base-catalyzed reactions.
from 360 °C with both high reaction rates and final chemical conversions of greater than 90%. The almost complete chemical conversions obtained in a few seconds suggest that this common reactor technology could be suitable for implementing the solid/gas reaction at a large scale. Zn can be oxidized by CO 2.
Reaction pathways for conversion of GVL to butenes and CO 2 , and the integrated conversion of GVL to both a liquid stream of alkenes for use in transportation fuels and a gaseous stream rich in CO 2 that is appropriate for further processing options. Dumesic (2010) Integrated Catalytic Conversion of ?-Valerolactone
trillion in 2010) would be required to overcome poverty; increase food production to eradicate hunger without degrading land and water resources; and avert the climate change catastrophe. The reports estimates that incremental green investment of about 3% of world gross product (WGP) (about $1.9 A global “Top Runner Program”.
Measured effects on conversion and yield with and without membrane integration (full symbols=without membrane; empty symbols=with membrane). Given the shortage of arable land and water in many countries, there is a need to achieve maximum fuel yields per unit of land. Credit: ACS, Unruh et al. Click to enlarge. Product selectivity—i.e.,
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