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Fuel-cycle SO 2 emissions of EVs compared to those of gasoline ICEVs and HEVs in China, current (left) and future (right). The study examined the fuel-cycle CO 2 , SO 2 , and NO x emissions of EVs in China in both current (2008) and future (2030) periods and compared them with those of conventional gasoline vehicles and gasoline hybrids.
Consumption-based power mixes and NG transmission distances by Chinese province in 2010. In regions where the share of coal-based electricity is relatively low, EVs can achieve substantial GHG reduction, the team reports in a paper in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. Credit: ACS, Huo et al. Click to enlarge.
Exxon Mobil Corporation’s new The Outlook for Energy: A View to 2040 , released last week, projects that global energy demand in 2040 will be about 30% higher than it was in 2010 as population grows to 9 billion and global GDP doubles. By 2040, heavy duty fuel demand will be up about 60 percent versus 2010. billion units.
The increase in 2018 was largely caused by increased energy use as a result of weather and was the largest increase in CO 2 emissions since 2010, when the US economy was recovering from an economic recession. The United States now emits less CO 2 from coal than from motor gasoline. Total net electricity generation fell by 1.5%
The decrease was driven by the economic downturn, combined with a significant switch from coal to natural gas as a source of electricity generation, according to the EIA. CO 2 emissions from petroleum in 2010 are projected to increase by 0.6%, which is lower than the 1.5% decline in coal-based CO 2 emissions for 2009.
Electric vehicles charged in coal-heavy regions can create more human health and environmental damages from life cycle air emissions than gasoline vehicles, according to a new consequential life cycle analysis by researchers from Carnegie Mellon University.
suggested that converting biomass into electricity for EVs abates more GHG emissions than does converting biomass into liquid fuels for use in today’s conventional vehicles. notes that those results assume that bioelectricity generation displaces gasoline. A 2009 life cycle analysis by Campbell et al. Earlier post.)
Gas chromatograph traces of conventional 87 octane gasoline (top) and CoolPlanetBioFuels drop-in gasoline produced from corn cobs. Two fractionators in a module can produce one million gallons of gasoline per year, with capex of $0.50/gallon Source: CoolPlanetBioFuels. Click to enlarge. Click to enlarge. gallon US.
The US Energy Information Administration (EIA) reported that after an increase in 2010 of 3.3%, energy-related carbon dioxide emissions in the US in 2011 decreased by 2.4% (136 million metric tons), while GDP grew by 1.8%. In 2010, the price of regular gasoline averaged $2.78 mpg) from 2010 to 2011. per gallon.
Since 1990, however, the ESCII (2010 = 100) has remained essentially static, changing by less than 1%. tCO 2 /toe); in 2010 it was 56.7 The IEA said that this reflects the continued domination of fossil fuels—particularly coal—in the energy mix and the slow uptake of other, lower-carbon supply technologies.
The study, in press in the Journal of Power Sources , examines the efficiency and costs of current and future EVs, as well as their impact on electricity demand and infrastructure for generation and distribution, and thereby on GHG emissions. All reference car configurations except the diesel use gasoline engines, because the.
By 2040, hybrids are expected to account for about 35% of the global light-duty vehicle fleet, up from less than 1% in 2010. The growth reflects an expected 90% increase in electricity use, led by developing countries where 1.3 billion people are currently without access to electricity. liters per 100 km) in 2010.
biomass, coal, petroleum coke, and wastes) for the production of an ultra-clean syngas. This syngas can then be used for industrial process heating applications, converted into electricity, or synthesized into fuels or chemicals. OmniGas uses a 1300 °C molten slag to gasify a wide range of hydrocarbon feedstocks (e.g.,
As the world population increases by the estimated 30% from 2010 to 2040, ExxonMobil sees global GDP rising by about 140%, but energy demand by only about 35% due to greater efficiency. By 2040, natural gas is expected to account for more than a quarter of global energy use, surpassing coal in the overall mix. Click to enlarge.
Solid portions represent GHG emissions associated with gasoline propulsion. Patterned portions represent GHG emissions associated with electric propulsion. Solid left bar = hydro electricity scenario.) First, driving distance determines the proportions of electricity and gasoline consumed by the PHEV.
These diagrams depict energy use and water flow during the year 2010, the latest year for which comprehensive data is available. Some water resources also flow up to energy resources (petroleum, biomass, natural gas, and coal). coal, natural gas, geothermal and nuclear) into electricity.
Value of life-cycle emissions externality damages and oil premium costs from vehicles in 2010 $. Strategies to promote adoption of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) with small battery packs offer more social benefits (i.e., Michalek et al. Click to enlarge. Michalek and colleagues.
Because of the lower carbon/hydrogen ratio of methane (CH 4 ) relative to gasoline, CO 2 emissions from the combustion of natural gas are approximately 75% of those of gasoline for a given amount of energy production. emissions are reduced by around 25% relative to the use of gasoline for the same engine efficiency. Source: MIT.
BCG’s analysis finds that cellulosic ethanol is on the verge of becoming cost-competitive with gasoline at $3/gal US. ” also sees steady adoption of on-shore wind and electric vehicle technologies, but suggests that off-shore wind and carbon capture and sequestration look likely to fade or decline. BCG, November 2010).
Coal remains the country’s dominant source of primary energy at 70%, and although China’s current Five-Year Plan calls for a 20% reduction in energy intensity by 2010 as compared to 2005, that goal is almost certain to remain elusive. US gasoline consumption per capita now stands at 1,783 liters, according to the authors of the paper.
For the study, they define EVs as including both battery-electric (BEV) and plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV) vehicles. Only in the case of high EV market share and a high renewable electricity standard (RES) do EVs make a material contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions, they found. Credit: ACS, Choi et al.
Researchers from the University of Minnesota have produced a spatially and temporally explicit life cycle inventory (LCI) of air pollutants from gasoline, ethanol derived from corn grain, and ethanol from corn stover for the contiguous US (the lower 48 states). Efficiencies and emissions factors reported are for year 2010.
Left, global light-duty fleet in the electric-favoring case; right, the hydrogen-favoring case. In both electric- and hydrogen-favoring cases, availability of low-carbon electricity and hydrogen prolonged the use of petroleum-fueled ICE vehicles. Top, without CCS and CSP; bottom, with CCS and CSP. Credit: ACS, Wallington et al.
Research focuses on supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO 2 ) Brayton-cycle turbines, which typically would be used for bulk thermal and nuclear generation of electricity, including next-generation power reactors. The Brayton cycle could yield 20 MW of electricity from a package with a volume as small as four cubic meters.
Researchers at the University of Colorado, Boulder and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) modeled the emissions impact had plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) replaced light duty gasoline vehicles in the Denver, Colorado area in summer 2006. For other areas, where PM2.5 For other areas, where PM2.5 Brinkman et al.
Among the transportation-related updates going into AEO2011, the EIA increased the limit for blending ethanol into gasoline for approved vehicles from 10% to 15%, as a result of the waiver granted by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in October 2010. Industrial natural gas demand recovers, reversing recent trend.
Results from the study also suggest that with sufficient coal plant retirement and sufficient wind power, controlled charging could result in positive net benefits instead of negative. The question of electricity costs vs. health and environmental cost is important to ask everywhere, Michalek said. Credit: ACS, Weis et al.
Researchers at George Washington University led by Dr. Stuart Licht have introduced the principles of a new class rechargeable molten air batteries that offer amongst the highest intrinsic electric energy storage capabilities. Retention of the intrinsic anodic storage capacity of these batteries has been an ongoing challenge.In
The authors highlight three possible strategies for CO 2 conversion by physico-chemical approaches: sustainable (or renewable) synthetic methanol; syngas production derived from flue gases from coal-, gas- or oil-fired electric power stations; and photochemical production of synthetic fuels. Jiang et al. Resources. Kuznetsov and P.
A new study by researchers at the University of Colorado at Boulder projects the emission impacts of the widespread introduction of inexpensive and efficient electric vehicles into the US light duty vehicle (LDV) sector. Among their findings: Gasoline vehicles dominate in the BAU scenario for the entire time horizon.
The country’s electricity consumption in 2019 was nearly six times as great as in 1990. costs less than fossil-fuel-based electricity. While electricity from older coal plants in India costs 2.7 In 2021, about 73 percent of the country’s electricity was produced from coal, and only 9.6 IIT Madras.
Once further optimized and energy conversion elements, such as thermoelectric converters, are added, the cell could produce electricity. It looks like it will have to be a thermal conversion—that makes it not quite as easy as if I could get a direct conversion to electricity. ACS Press Briefing on Cold Fusion, 21 March 2010.
Using corn crop residue to make ethanol and other biofuels reduces soil carbon and under some conditions can generate more greenhouse gases than gasoline, according to a major, multi-year study by a University of Nebraska-Lincoln team of researchers published in the journal Nature Climate Change. —Liska et al. g CO 2 e MJ ?1
With motor sports moving hard and fast toward electric drive, a friend recently told me that electric drag-car racing just wouldn't be the same without the deafening roar of combustion engines and the smell of "nitro" fuel. With electric vehicles, however, calculating efficiency is not so simple. She's 90 years old.
On December 16, 2010 the US DOE Energy Information Agency (EIA) published a report projecting that renewable energy will still only constitute 12 percent of the USA’s energy sources by 2035. In Germany, renewable electricity generation will be 35 percent by 2020, and 50 percent by 2050. EIA projections of renewables penetration.
A US-wide county-level study comparing lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from several light-duty passenger gasoline and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) has found that PEVs can have larger or smaller carbon footprints than gasoline vehicles depending on regional factors and the specific vehicle models being compared.
In ARB’s analysis, most vehicles on the road in 2050 will need to be electric drive, or ultra low-carbon fuel vehicles—i.e., electricity or hydrogen—by 2050 in order to achieve the required 80% reduction in greenhouse gases. DOE’s targets are $45/kW by 2010 and $30/kW by 2015. Earlier post.).
The baseline carbon intensity for gasoline in the LCFS lookup table is 99.18 The plant was originally fueled by coal but was converted to natural gas in 2010. However, the Raizen COPI mill exports surplus co-generated electricity to the public grid. gCO 2 e/MJ for the corn ethanol, down to 10.64 gCO 2 e/MJ and 98.03
This Tesla is one of a number of electric cars coming on the market. Will Electric Cars Give New York a Charge? The number of electric cars bought, according to the study, “may be significantly less if these assumptions do not materialize.&# ‘ Here is the text of the entire article, in case the link goes bad: [link].
OBE will launch its first facility, Appomattox Bio Energy (ABE), in Hopewell, VA in July 2010 and plans to be at full production (65 million gallons/year) by the end of the year. An advanced biofuel has a carbon footprint that is 50% or less of conventional gasoline and OBE plans to start the certification process by Q4 2010.
Among its findings, the report notes that in DOE’s assessment, “ although significant progress has been made ”, fuel cell cost is still too high and durability still too low to enable industry to meet the deployment goal of 100,000 hydrogen-fueled vehicles by 2010, as specified in EPACT. Market development RFI.
The new SCET report reviews a range of new technologies and fuels, from improved internal combustion engines, to hybrid and other electric drive technologies, to existing and new bio- and other types of fuels. Hybrid, all-electric drive, and fuel cell technologies are likely to see substantial market penetration by the end of this decade.
PLUG IN – make your next car a plug in electric car and plug it into the new solar panels you need to get. You’ll have free fuel for life for your new clean burning electric car, you’ll end your dependence on gasoline of any kind and you’ll stop pumping more C02 into the atmosphere. That’s 18 months away.
Achieving those goals will will be difficult—but not impossible to meet—and will necessitate a combination of more efficient vehicles; the use of alternative fuels such as biofuels, electricity, and hydrogen; and strong government policies to overcome high costs and influence consumer choices. Vehicles operating on electricity.
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