Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 22, 2010

Comments may be submitted through 30 November 2010. These goals are to: Reduce the cost of producing hydrogen from renewable resources, nuclear energy, and coal with carbon sequestration; Reduce the cost of delivering, storing, and dispensing hydrogen; and. Improve the performance and reduce the cost of hydrogen storage systems.

Hydrogen 271

Hydrogen 2010 Fuel 2015 271

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 11, 2011

Exxon Mobil Corporation’s new The Outlook for Energy: A View to 2040 , released last week, projects that global energy demand in 2040 will be about 30% higher than it was in 2010 as population grows to 9 billion and global GDP doubles. By 2040, heavy duty fuel demand will be up about 60 percent versus 2010. billion units.

Personal 408

Personal Global Transportation Fuel 408

Green Car Congress

APRIL 27, 2011

million grant from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to move forward on the construction of a facility to demonstrate its integrated coal-biomass-to-liquids (CBTL) technology platform ( earlier post ) at Intertek PARC, located at the U-PARC facility in Pittsburgh. Accelergy Corporation has received a $1.3-million

Pennsylvania 210

Pennsylvania Coal Grant Carbon 210

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 19, 2022

Fuel ethanol, a biofuel most commonly mixed with finished motor gasoline, is second only to coal as the most-transported fuel by rail. These percentages have held relatively steady since 2010, the earliest data on record. Fuel ethanol arrives at blending terminals by railcar, and gasoline arrives by pipeline.

Fuel 293

Fuel Gasoline Coal Transportation 293

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 30, 2011

Pathways for producing liquid fuels from coal. Accelergy Corporation ( earlier post ) is partnering with the Yankuang Group, one of the largest coal companies in China, on a feasibility study for a joint, large-scale, low-carbon, hybrid—i.e., In indirect liquefaction, coal is first gasified to. Source: EMRE.

Coal 186

Coal China Fuel Hybrid 186

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 4, 2010

First, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalized the Renewable Fuel Standard Program (RFS2) rule to implement the long-term renewable fuels standard of 36 billion gallons by 2022 established by Congress and also issued the targets for 2010. The EPA also set the 2010 RFS volume standard at 12.95

Obama 218

Obama Coal Clean Cleaning 218

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 11, 2012

Researchers from the University of Minnesota have produced a spatially and temporally explicit life cycle inventory (LCI) of air pollutants from gasoline, ethanol derived from corn grain, and ethanol from corn stover for the contiguous US (the lower 48 states). Efficiencies and emissions factors reported are for year 2010.

Gasoline 236

Gasoline Emissions Gasoline-Electric Pollution 236

Green Car Congress

MAY 11, 2020

The increase in 2018 was largely caused by increased energy use as a result of weather and was the largest increase in CO 2 emissions since 2010, when the US economy was recovering from an economic recession. The United States now emits less CO 2 from coal than from motor gasoline. Total net electricity generation fell by 1.5%

2019 273

2019 CO2 Energy 2017 273

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 12, 2016

Electric vehicles charged in coal-heavy regions can create more human health and environmental damages from life cycle air emissions than gasoline vehicles, according to a new consequential life cycle analysis by researchers from Carnegie Mellon University.

Coal 150

Coal Pollution Grid Gasoline-Electric 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 30, 2010

notes that those results assume that bioelectricity generation displaces gasoline. Instead, they argue, under existing institutional and technical arrangements, bioelectricity production does not cause a reduction in gasoline use. Kammen (2010) The climate impacts of bioenergy systems depend on market and regulatory policy contexts.

Fuel 324

Fuel Market Gasoline-Electric Gasoline 324

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 14, 2012

The US Energy Information Administration (EIA) reported that after an increase in 2010 of 3.3%, energy-related carbon dioxide emissions in the US in 2011 decreased by 2.4% (136 million metric tons), while GDP grew by 1.8%. In 2010, the price of regular gasoline averaged $2.78 mpg) from 2010 to 2011. per gallon.

2011 231

2011 Emissions Energy CO2 231

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 16, 2010

Conversion kits also will be available to switch medium-duty gasoline vehicles to run on propane. LPI is a direct replacement of the OEM gasoline injection system. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), also known as propane or autogas, can be used to replace gasoline and diesel. million grant to support the project’s development.

USA 239

USA Engine Alternative Fuels Gasoline 239

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 17, 2011

Large scale production of methanol from natural gas and coal is a well-developed. Sufficient feedstock of natural gas and coal exists to enable the use of non-renewable methanol as a transition fuel to renewable methanol from biomass, they suggested. The toxicity (mortality) is comparable to or better than gasoline.

Transportation 257

Transportation Fuel Coal Gasoline 257

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2013

Since 1990, however, the ESCII (2010 = 100) has remained essentially static, changing by less than 1%. tCO 2 /toe); in 2010 it was 56.7 The IEA said that this reflects the continued domination of fossil fuels—particularly coal—in the energy mix and the slow uptake of other, lower-carbon supply technologies.

Carbon 265

Carbon Supplies Global Transportation 265

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2014

The updated version includes a longer-term outlook by expanding the time horizon from 2010 and beyond to 2020 and beyond. They also note that large-scale production of synthetic fuels or hydrogen from coal or gas offers the potential for GHG emissions reduction—but only if CO 2 can be captured and stored. Earlier post.).

Gas 277

Gas Fuel Gas-Electric Gasoline-Electric 277

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 29, 2009

biomass, coal, petroleum coke, and wastes) for the production of an ultra-clean syngas. OmniGas has been demonstrated at bench-scale and is now on track for a one ton per day (tpd) prototype demonstration, using coal and biomass as the feedstock, in mid-2010.

Energy 247

Energy Coal Convert Renewable 247

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2013

By 2040, hybrids are expected to account for about 35% of the global light-duty vehicle fleet, up from less than 1% in 2010. In 2010, about 75% of the world’s vehicles were in OECD countries. liters per 100 km) in 2010. Hybrids are expected to account for about half of global new-car sales by 2040. Source: ExxonMobil.

Oil-Sands 309

Oil-Sands Energy Hybrid Sale 309

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 18, 2010

Focus, Renault Megane, Toyota Corolla and Opel Astra—in their analysis, and compared EV configurations to a regular gasoline car, diesel car, parallel hybrid car and series HEV (SHEV). All reference car configurations except the diesel use gasoline engines, because the. 155 g/km (using electricity from an old coal-based plant).

Plug-in 236

Plug-in Charging Gasoline-Electric Plug 236

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 10, 2014

As the world population increases by the estimated 30% from 2010 to 2040, ExxonMobil sees global GDP rising by about 140%, but energy demand by only about 35% due to greater efficiency. By 2040, natural gas is expected to account for more than a quarter of global energy use, surpassing coal in the overall mix. Click to enlarge.

Energy 252

Energy Global 2010 Oil-Sands 252

Green Car Congress

MAY 22, 2018

Ending the sale of new conventional diesel and gasoline cars and vans by 2040. Air quality has improved significantly since 2010 but sixty years on from the historic Clean Air Act a clear truth remains—air pollution is making people ill, shortening lives and damaging our economy and environment.

Clean 186

Clean Cleaning Diesel Gasoline 186

Green Car Congress

APRIL 20, 2018

These diagrams depict energy use and water flow during the year 2010, the latest year for which comprehensive data is available. Some water resources also flow up to energy resources (petroleum, biomass, natural gas, and coal). coal, natural gas, geothermal and nuclear) into electricity.

Water 231

Water Energy Coal Gas-Electric 231

Green Car Congress

MAY 23, 2012

Solid portions represent GHG emissions associated with gasoline propulsion. coal, hydro, natural gas) on well-to-wheel (WTW) energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). First, driving distance determines the proportions of electricity and gasoline consumed by the PHEV.

PHEV 210

PHEV C1 Emissions Coal 210

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2011

Lifecycle GHG emissions of renewable gasoline from the IH 2 process (GTI RG) compared to petroleum gasoline and diesel. for GTI’s Integrated Hydropyrolysis and Hydroconversion (IH 2 ) technology, which converts biomass directly into cellulosic gasoline and diesel hydrocarbon blendstocks. from Biomass (BIOMASS 2010).

Diesel 199

Diesel Production Gasoline Renewable 199

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 26, 2018

Across its life cycle, a typical electric car in Europe produces fewer greenhouse gases and air pollutants compared with its gasoline or diesel equivalent, according to the report. This was the first time the average emissions increased since the monitoring started in 2010. g CO 2 /km) since 2012. of all new registrations in the EU.

Climate 268

Climate Pollution Gasoline-Electric 2017 268

Green Car Congress

MAY 28, 2011

Gasoline baseline of 95.86 g CO 2 e/MJ for Midwest corn ethanol in a wet mill using coal to 56.56 While carbon intensity (CI) standards are not applicable in 2010 (the first year of the regulation), compliance with the reporting and record keeping requirements is required for all years, including 2010. Click to enlarge.

Carbon 218

Carbon California 2010 Fuel 218

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 27, 2011

Value of life-cycle emissions externality damages and oil premium costs from vehicles in 2010 $. Net present value of lifetime private ownership cost, emissions externality damages, and oil premium costs in 2010 $. Although gasoline production and combustion produce significant emissions, battery and electricity production emissions.

PHEV 186

PHEV Oil Emissions Battery 186

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 28, 2009

Coal remains the country’s dominant source of primary energy at 70%, and although China’s current Five-Year Plan calls for a 20% reduction in energy intensity by 2010 as compared to 2005, that goal is almost certain to remain elusive. US gasoline consumption per capita now stands at 1,783 liters, according to the authors of the paper.

2002 170

2002 2005 Emissions Carbon 170

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 19, 2010

With the new terminal and pipeline venture and existing operations, KMP expects to handle in excess of 218,000 barrels per day of ethanol in 2010. Its pipelines transport natural gas, gasoline, crude oil, CO 2 and other products, and its terminals store petroleum products and chemicals and handle bulk materials like coal and petroleum coke.

North America 199

North America Baltimore Dallas Energy Storage 199

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 11, 2010

BCG’s analysis finds that cellulosic ethanol is on the verge of becoming cost-competitive with gasoline at $3/gal US. Cleaner coal through carbon capture and sequestration. BCG, November 2010). Click to enlarge. will have very slow adoption and won’t be viable for the next decade or two.

Solar 295

Solar Boston Consulting Group Power Powered 295

Green Car Congress

APRIL 9, 2016

A US-wide county-level study comparing lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from several light-duty passenger gasoline and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) has found that PEVs can have larger or smaller carbon footprints than gasoline vehicles depending on regional factors and the specific vehicle models being compared.

Gasoline 150

Gasoline Plug-in Prius Plug 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 1, 2010

In their paper, presented at the SAE 2010 Powertrains Fuels & Lubricants Meeting last week, the two investigated the potential of ethanol and methanol in heavy duty (HD), long-haul applications, examining the issues of infrastructure, engine performance, and briefly, emissions and cost implications. SAE 2010-01-2199 ).

Diesel 218

Diesel Engine Downsizing Fuel 218

Green Car Congress

JUNE 10, 2011

Because of the lower carbon/hydrogen ratio of methane (CH 4 ) relative to gasoline, CO 2 emissions from the combustion of natural gas are approximately 75% of those of gasoline for a given amount of energy production. emissions are reduced by around 25% relative to the use of gasoline for the same engine efficiency. Source: MIT.

MIT 299

MIT Gas Transportation Future 299

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 8, 2013

Total GHG emissions from electricity generation and vehicle gasoline consumption, in the United States Eastern Interconnection in 2030, for 0%, 20%, and 100% EV adoption scenarios. They assumed a gasoline price of $4/gallon (2009 $). With unlinked EV and CV fuel economies, the 2030 gasoline demand is reduced by 6.2%, 12.4%, and 59.3%

Low Cost 236

Low Cost Georgia Fuel Economy Gasoline-Electric 236

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 14, 2009

The presence of carbon monoxide in the syngas can assist with the conversion of lignin, and the observed effect is similar to that seen for coal hydroprocessing with syngas compared to hydrogen alone. The company plans to break ground on that facility during the first half of 2010. ACS Fuel Chemistry Division Preprints 47(1), 381.

Chevron 249

Chevron Convert Fuel Supplies 249

Green Car Congress

MARCH 4, 2011

MPa enable the system to operate with very high thermal efficiency, exceeding even those of a large coal-generated power plant and nearly twice as efficient as that of a gasoline engine (about 25%). where it has been running and producing approximately 240 kW of electricity during the developmental phase that began in March 2010.

Conversion 220

Conversion CO2 Gas-Electric 2010 220

Green Car Congress

JULY 18, 2010

Researchers at the University of Colorado, Boulder and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) modeled the emissions impact had plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) replaced light duty gasoline vehicles in the Denver, Colorado area in summer 2006. For other areas, where PM2.5 Brinkman et al. Brinkman, Paul Denholm, Michael P.

Denver 170

Denver Ozone PHEV Colorado 170

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 13, 2013

This 11 e- (eleven electron) per molecule, room temperature, aqueous electrolyte battery has the highest volumetric energy capacity for a battery, with an intrinsic capacity greater than that of gasoline and an order of magnitude higher than that of conventional lithium ion batteries.

Energy 309

Energy Battery Batteries Recharge 309