2009, CO2 and Coal

EIA Projects 5% Decrease in Fossil-Fuel-Based CO2 Emissions in 2009; Little Change in Emissions from Gasoline

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 12, 2009

In its current version of the Short Term Energy Outlook ( STEO ), the US Energy Information Administration projects a 5% decline in fossil-fuel-based CO 2 emissions in 2009. The decrease was driven by the economic downturn, combined with a significant switch from coal to natural gas as a source of electricity generation, according to the EIA.

2009

2009 Emissions Gasoline Fuel

Researchers Say Mix of Policies and Current or Near-Term Technologies Could Phase Out US CO2 Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Plants by 2030

Green Car Congress

MAY 2, 2010

CO 2 emissions from US coal-fired power plant could be phased out entirely by 2030 using existing technologies or ones that could be commercially competitive with coal within about a decade, according to a paper published online 30 April in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. Credit: ACS, Kharecha et al.

Coal

Coal Emissions Oil-Sands Climate Change

Study Finds Global CO2 Emissions Dropped 1.3% in 2009; Emissions in China and India Rose 9% and 6%

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 2, 2010

in 2009, the first decrease recorded this decade, according to an addendum to an earlier study outlining a method for updating global fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions published in the journal Environmental Research Letters. In contrast to many other countries, China and India increased their emissions in 2009.

Stimulus Package

Stimulus Package 2009 Emissions India

Alberta and Swan Hills Synfuels close on $285M in funding for CO2 capture from underground coal gasification project

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 4, 2011

The Government of Alberta and Swan Hills Synfuels recently signed a final funding agreement for a carbon capture and storage (CCS) project that will capture carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from an underground coal gasification (UCG)process. The two had signed a letter of intent on the funding in December 2009. Earlier post.).

Coal

Coal CO2 Carbon 2009

DOE Regional Partnership Initiates CO2 Injection in Lignite Coal Seam

Green Car Congress

MARCH 11, 2009

A US Department of Energy/National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) team of regional partners has begun injecting CO 2 into a deep lignite coal seam in Burke County, North Dakota, to demonstrate the economic and environmental viability of geologic CO 2 storage in the US Great Plains region. In collaboration with Eagle Operating Inc.,

Coal

Coal CO2 North Dakota South Dakota

Alliance Formed to Commercialize Solar Reforming Technologies to Convert Waste CO2 into Synthetic Fuel

Green Car Congress

JUNE 1, 2010

The solar reforming technology platform will be co-located next to industrial facilities that have waste CO 2 streams such as coal power plants, natural gas processing facilities, ethanol plants, cement production facilities and other stationary sources of CO 2. Earlier post.).

Waste

Waste Solar Commercial CO2

Texas Clean Energy Project signs long-term CO2 offtake agreement with Whiting Petroleum for enhanced oil recovery; 90% CO2 capture from IGCC coal polygen plant

Green Car Congress

JULY 22, 2011

The TCEP would integrate coal gasification, combined-cycle power generation, CO 2 capture, and. Whiting will be the first in the Permian to purchase CO 2 from a power project that will be produced through the coal-gasification process. The TCEP integrates coal gasification, combined-cycle power generation, CO 2 capture, and.

Coal

Coal Texas Oil CO2

Global CO2 emissions up 3% in 2011; per capita CO2 emissions in China reach EU levels

Green Car Congress

JULY 20, 2012

The United States remain one of the largest emitters of CO2, with 17.3 tonnes per capita, despite a decline due to the recession in 2008-2009, high oil prices and an increased share of natural gas. Coal consumption increased globally by 5.4 % in 2011, which is an above average growth, and accounts for 30.3% tonnes per capita.

2011

2011 Emissions CO2 Global

MIT Energy Initiative Publishes Report on Reducing CO2 Emissions from Existing Coal Plants

Green Car Congress

JUNE 20, 2009

The MIT Energy Initiative has released a new report on reducing carbon dioxide emissions from existing coal plants. There is no credible pathway toward prudent greenhouse gas stabilization targets without CO 2 emissions reduction from existing coal power plants. We may not see a strong CO 2 price signal for many years.

Coal

Coal MIT CO2 Emissions

EPA proposes CO2 emission standards for new fossil fuel-fired power plants

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 20, 2013

The proposed rulemaking establishes separate standards for natural gas and coal plants. coal units) are based on the performance of a new efficient coal unit implementing partial carbon capture and storage (CCS). Climate Change Coal Emissions Natural Gas Policy Power Generation'

EPA

EPA Standards Emissions Powered

Linde, BASF and RWE to invest additional 6M in long-term test of CO2 scrubbing project

Green Car Congress

MARCH 11, 2011

million) into another phase of their research on CO2 scrubbing for carbon capture. The pilot plant which was commissioned in the coal innovation center in Niederaussem in 2009 will now go through a long-term test from March until the end of 2013. Linde, BASF and German power utility RWE will invest a further €6 million (US$8.3

CO2

CO2 2007 Coal Carbon

Headwaters Inc and Axens Form Direct Coal Liquefaction Alliance

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 21, 2010

Headwaters direct coal liquefaction process. Headwaters Inc and Axens are forming a strategic alliance to provide a single-source solution for producing synthetic fuels by direct coal liquefaction (DCL) alone or in combination with refinery residues or biomass. Up to 50% more liquid product per ton of coal. Source: Headwaters.

Coal

Coal Diesel Hydrogen Gasoline

IEA estimates energy-related CO2 emissions in 2010 highest in history; 80% of projected 2020 emissions from the power sector are already locked in

Green Car Congress

MAY 30, 2011

Energy-related carbon-dioxide (CO2) emissions in 2010 were the highest in history, according to the latest estimates by the International Energy Agency (IEA). After a dip in 2009 caused by the global financial crisis, emissions are estimated to have climbed to a record 30.6 tonnes for China, and 1.5 tonnes in India.

2010

2010 Emissions 2020 CO2

GWU team develops cost-effective solar process to produce lime for cement without CO2 emission

Green Car Congress

APRIL 11, 2012

The Solar Thermal Electrochemical Production of CaO without CO 2 (STEP Cement) process is based on the STEP theory of an efficient solar chemical process, based on a synergy of solar thermal and endothermic electrolyses, introduced by Licht and his colleagues in 2009. Earlier post , earlier post.).

Solar

Solar Emissions CO2 Carbon

Chilled Ammonia Pilot Project Captures 90% of CO2

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 10, 2009

A pilot project by We Energies, Alstom and The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) testing an Alstom advanced chilled ammonia process ( earlier post ) has demonstrated more than 90% capture of carbon dioxide from the flue stream of a coal-fueled power plant in Wisconsin (the Pleasant Prairie Carbon Capture Pilot Plant ).

EPRI

EPRI CO2 Coal Carbon

GCP Carbon Budget Finds Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions Rose 2% in 2008 Despite Global Financial Crisis; Natural Sinks Not Keeping Pace With Increasing Emissions

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 17, 2009

The use of coal as a fuel has now surpassed oil and developing countries now emit more greenhouse gases than developed countries, with a quarter of their growth in emissions accounted for by increased trade with the West. Emissions from coal are now the dominant fossil fuel emission source, surpassing 40 years of oil emission prevalence.

2008

2008 Emissions Carbon Climate Change

Steep increase in global CO2 emissions despite reductions by industrialized countries; driven by power generation and road transport

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 21, 2011

After a decline in global CO 2 emissions in 2009 of 1% (including a. reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2012 as a group, partly thanks to large emission reductions from economies in transition in the early nineties and more recent reductions due to the 2008-2009 recession, according to the report. Global CO 2. Source: JRC.

Emissions

Emissions Global Industry Industrial

Study finds global CO2 emissions back on the rise in 2010

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 22, 2010

In a paper published in Nature Geoscience , the authors found that despite the major financial crisis that hit the world last year, global CO 2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuel in 2009 were only 1.3% lower in 2009 than in 2008. The 2009 drop in CO 2 emissions is less than half that anticipated a year ago.

2010

2010 Global Emissions CO2

DOE’s Carbon Utilization and Storage Atlas estimates at least 2,400B metric tons of US CO2 storage resource

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 25, 2012

The United States has at least 2,400 billion metric tons of possible carbon dioxide storage resource in saline formations, oil and gas reservoirs, and unmineable coal seams, according to a new US Department of Energy (DOE) publication.

Carbon

Carbon CO2 United States Climate Change

RWE, BASF and Linde Report New Solvents for CO2 Capture Reduce Energy Input by 20%

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 3, 2010

The three companies started up the pilot plant in August 2009; it is part of the Coal Innovation Center of RWE Power. First demonstration plants are scheduled to come on stream in 2015, and CO 2 capture is expected to be used commercially in coal-fired power stations by 2020.

CO2

CO2 Energy Coal 2007

EIA: US energy-related CO2 emissions down 1.7% in 2016; carbon intensity of economy down 3.1%; transportation emissions up

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 6, 2017

decline in energy-related CO2, according to the latest report from the US Energy Information Administration (EIA). Among the findings of the EIA analysis: CO 2 emissions form natural gas surpassed those from coal in 2016. Natural gas CO 2 emissions have increased every year since 2009. along with a 1.4% from the 2015 level.

2016

2016 CO2 Emissions Transportation

EPA proposes CO2 limits for future power plants; flexibilities for phasing in control technology; anticipates negligible impacts

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2012

Although emissions vary by plant and with the specific type of fuel, EPA provided illustrative examples of CO 2 emissions from EGUs: Conventional coal: 1,800 lbs CO 2 /MWh. Coal with carbon capture and storage (CCS): 200 lbs CO 2 /MWh. A company could build a coal?fired Natural Gas Combined Cycle: 820 lbs CO 2 /MWh.

EPA

EPA Power Powered Future

EIA: US energy-related CO2 emissions down 2.4% in 2011 while GDP rose

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 14, 2012

Since 1949, the 2011 decline in coal generation of more 6% is second only to the decline in 2009 of almost 12%. As recently as 2005, coal’s share of electric power sector generation was more than 51%. and 3.2%, respectively) as these sectors rely heavily on electricity to meet their energy needs.

2011

2011 Emissions Energy CO2

OriginOil, Carbon Sciences Apply for DOE Grants for CO2 to Fuels

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 13, 2009

the developer of technology for efficient and non-destructive ( earlier post ) extraction of oil from algae, led a consortium in a recently submitted application for a grant under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 targeting the beneficial use of CO 2. OriginOil, Inc.,

Grant

Grant Carbon Fuel CO2

CMU Paper: Market-Based Mechanisms for CO2 Reduction Will Be Insufficient to Attain Mid-Century Goals

Green Car Congress

MARCH 24, 2009

The future price of CO 2 permits would need to rise to at least $50/ton before electric power generating companies would find it cost-effective to build coal-fired power plants with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), the authors note. Rubin (2009) Cap and Trade is Not Enough: Improving US Climate Policy. Samaras et al.

Market

Market CO2 Coal 2009

New phase of globalization could undermine efforts to reduce CO2 emissions

Green Car Congress

MAY 14, 2018

Relatively little attention has been paid to the rapid rise of South-South trade since the 2008-2009 global financial crisis. The success of international climate mitigation efforts may therefore depend on curtailing growth of coal-based energy and emissions in now-industrialising and urbanising countries. Coffman, D.’. M., & Guan, D.

Emissions

Emissions Global CO2 2004

CO2 and Methane Emissions Continued Rise in 2008 Despite Economic Slump

Green Car Congress

APRIL 24, 2009

Emerging from that natural variability is a consistent upward trend produced by burning coal, oil, and gas for transportation and industry. A break in the close relation between population growth and CO2 growth would be a clear sign of progress in the inevitable need to limit atmospheric CO2. David Hofmann. Hofmann, James H.

2008

2008 CO2 Emissions Climate Change

EIA releases report on CO2 emissions by state; California led in 2010 with transportation-sector emissions

Green Car Congress

MAY 14, 2013

For example, some states are located near abundant hydroelectric supplies, while others contain abundant coal resources. From 2009 to 2010, only 14 states saw a decrease in emissions. Each state’s energy system reflects circumstances specific to that state, EIA noted. The greatest percentage increase was in Nebraska at 16.0% (6.6

2010

2010 Emissions California Transportation

EIA Energy Outlook 2011 more than doubles estimates of US shale gas resources; higher production at lower prices

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 17, 2010

The technically recoverable unproved shale gas resource is 827 trillion cubic feet (as of 1 January 2009) in the AEO2011 Reference case, 474 trillion cubic feet larger than in the AEO2010 Reference case, reflecting additional information that has become available with more drilling activity in new and existing shale plays.

Gas

Gas 2011 Price Energy

Study Finds Doubling of Atmospheric CO2 from Pre-Industrial Levels Could Result in Dissolution of Coral Reefs

Green Car Congress

MARCH 10, 2009

In the absence of strong policy, atmospheric CO2 will reach 550 ppm in several decades. Source: Caldeira House testimony Feb 2009. Coral reefs may be the canary in the coal mine.” —Ken Pre-industrial concentration was ~ 280 ppm. Current concentration is >380 ppm. Click to enlarge. Ken Caldeira.

CO2

CO2 Industry Industrial Carbon

Oxford Team Outlines Progress and Potential in CO2 Capture and Conversion to Synthetic Transportation Fuels

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2010

The authors highlight three possible strategies for CO 2 conversion by physico-chemical approaches: sustainable (or renewable) synthetic methanol; syngas production derived from flue gases from coal-, gas- or oil-fired electric power stations; and photochemical production of synthetic fuels. This same analysis (Pearson et al.

Conversion

Conversion Transportation Fuel CO2

President’s FY 2013 Budget requests $650.8M for Fossil Energy programs

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 14, 2012

The CCS Demonstrations program, including the Clean Coal Power Initiative, FutureGen 2.0, The 2013 budget request does not provide any demonstration funds because these projects are already strongly supported in large part through the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. and Industrial CCS activities.

2013

2013 Energy Coal Carbon

DOE to Award $106M to Six CO2 Conversion Projects; $156M in Matching Private Funding

Green Car Congress

JULY 22, 2010

The six projects were initially selected for a first-phase funding in October 2009 as part of a $1.4 Triadelphia, WV) This project will pilot-test an open-pond algae production technology that can capture at least 60% of flue gas CO 2 from an industrial coal-fired source to produce biofuel and other high value co-products.

Conversion

Conversion CO2 San Antonio Carbon

MHI achieves 1,600°C turbine inlet temperature in test operation of efficient J-Series gas turbine

Green Car Congress

MAY 27, 2011

The gas turbine that marked the achievement is the 60 hertz (Hz) M501J, which MHI developed in the spring of 2009. This configuration enables GTCC power plants to achieve higher thermal efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions, consuming less fuel relative to electricity output.

Gas

Gas Gas-Electric Mitsubishi CO2

UN report finds world needs incremental $1.9 trillion invested in green technologies to avert planetary catastrophe; global per capita cap on primary energy consumption of 70 GJ/yr may be required

Green Car Congress

JULY 5, 2011

The past decade was the first in two centuries with increasing CO2 emissions intensities, owing to a “coal revival”, in contrast with the rapid conversion to natural gas in the 1990s. These trends, which are diametrically opposed to declared greenhouse gas mitigation goals and targets, are by no means limited to emerging economies.

Global

Global Energy Green Coal

China’s 2005 Carbon Emissions Almost Twice As Much As 2002 Emissions

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 28, 2009

2009) Click to enlarge. Coal remains the country’s dominant source of primary energy at 70%, and although China’s current Five-Year Plan calls for a 20% reduction in energy intensity by 2010 as compared to 2005, that goal is almost certain to remain elusive. by Jack Rosebro. Guan et al. Guan et al. Peters, C. Weber, and K.

2002

2002 2005 Emissions Carbon

Berkeley Lab study forecasts China energy use will peak within 20 years; 356 million private cars by 2050

Green Car Congress

MAY 2, 2011

It is reduced by 900 Mtce to 4600 Mtce in AIS in 2050, a cumulative energy reduction of 26 billion tonnes of coal equivalent from 2005 to 2050. CCS at the current level of efficiency and from an integrated system point of view, however, will only have a small net CO2 mitigation impact of 475 million tonnes in 2050.

China

China Energy 2005 Cars

Sandia progressing to demo stage with supercritical CO2 Brayton-cycle turbines; up to 50% increase in efficiency of thermal-to-electric conversion

Green Car Congress

MARCH 4, 2011

MPa enable the system to operate with very high thermal efficiency, exceeding even those of a large coal-generated power plant and nearly twice as efficient as that of a gasoline engine (about 25%). Sienicki (2009) Investigation of alternative layouts for the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle for a sodium-cooled fast reactor.

Conversion

Conversion CO2 Gas-Electric 2010

DoD Researchers Work to Increase the Production of Higher Chain Hydrocarbons from CO2 Using a Traditional Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst

Green Car Congress

JUNE 27, 2009

Thus, the DOD has a vested interest in maintaining this supply by supporting the development of synthetic hydrocarbon fuel from the vast natural resources, such as coal, shale, gas hydrates, and CO 2 , available in the United States. Dorner et al. Dorner et al. Dorner, Dennis R. Hardy, Frederick W. Williams, Burtron H. Davis and Heather D.

Climate Change

Climate Change Production CO2 2009

Geely invests in Carbon Recycling Intl.; vehicles fueled by methanol from CO2, water and renewable energy

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2015

Methanol can be produced from a range of renewable sources and fossil-fuel based feed-stocks; in practice methanol is mainly produced in coal-rich China from coal. From 2009, led by the Ministry of Industry and Information, the pilot work of methanol gasoline implement is Shanxi province started. Methanol in China.

Renewable

Renewable Carbon Water Fuel

DOE-sponsored project shows huge potential for carbon storage in Wyoming; potential for lithium recovery to offset cost

Green Car Congress

JUNE 4, 2014

The Wyoming Rock Springs Uplift could potentially store 14 to 17 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), according to results from a Department of Energy-sponsored study.

Wyoming

Wyoming Carbon Store CO2

US EIA Projects World Energy Use to Grow 44% Between 2006 and 2030, CO2 Emissions Up by 39%

Green Car Congress

MAY 27, 2009

World marketed energy consumption is projected to grow by 44% between 2006 and 2030, driven by strong long-term economic growth in the developing nations of the world, according to the reference case projection from the International Energy Outlook 2009 ( IEO2009 ) released today by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA).

2006

2006 Emissions Energy Oil-Sands

Study Concludes That to Limit Global Warming to 2 °C, Less Than 25% of Proven Fossil Fuel Reserves Can be Burnt Between Now and 2050

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2009

Shown are fossil CO2 emissions (top panel) and corresponding global warming (bottom panel). 2009) Click to enlarge. 2009) Greenhouse gas emission targets for limiting global warming to 2 °C. 2009) Warming caused by cumulative carbon emissions towards the trillionth tonne. 2009) Too much of a bad thing. Frieler, K.,

Climate Change

Climate Change Global Climate Fuel

Failed Local Paper Put Out Of Its Misery - By Creative Greenius!

Creative Greenius

FEBRUARY 16, 2009

They just posted a reply on their website : “ In an opinion piece by George Will published on February 15, 2009 in the Washington Post, George Will states “According to the University of Illinois’ Arctic Climate Research Center, global sea ice levels now equal those of 1979.”. km and on February 15, 2009, global sea ice area was 15.45

Climate Change

Climate Change Washington Illinois Climate

EIA Projects 5% Decrease in Fossil-Fuel-Based CO2 Emissions in 2009; Little Change in Emissions from Gasoline

Researchers Say Mix of Policies and Current or Near-Term Technologies Could Phase Out US CO2 Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Plants by 2030

Study Finds Global CO2 Emissions Dropped 1.3% in 2009; Emissions in China and India Rose 9% and 6%

Alberta and Swan Hills Synfuels close on $285M in funding for CO2 capture from underground coal gasification project

DOE Regional Partnership Initiates CO2 Injection in Lignite Coal Seam

Alliance Formed to Commercialize Solar Reforming Technologies to Convert Waste CO2 into Synthetic Fuel

Texas Clean Energy Project signs long-term CO2 offtake agreement with Whiting Petroleum for enhanced oil recovery; 90% CO2 capture from IGCC coal polygen plant

Global CO2 emissions up 3% in 2011; per capita CO2 emissions in China reach EU levels

MIT Energy Initiative Publishes Report on Reducing CO2 Emissions from Existing Coal Plants

EPA proposes CO2 emission standards for new fossil fuel-fired power plants

Linde, BASF and RWE to invest additional 6M in long-term test of CO2 scrubbing project

Headwaters Inc and Axens Form Direct Coal Liquefaction Alliance

IEA estimates energy-related CO2 emissions in 2010 highest in history; 80% of projected 2020 emissions from the power sector are already locked in

GWU team develops cost-effective solar process to produce lime for cement without CO2 emission

Chilled Ammonia Pilot Project Captures 90% of CO2

GCP Carbon Budget Finds Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions Rose 2% in 2008 Despite Global Financial Crisis; Natural Sinks Not Keeping Pace With Increasing Emissions

Steep increase in global CO2 emissions despite reductions by industrialized countries; driven by power generation and road transport

Study finds global CO2 emissions back on the rise in 2010

DOE’s Carbon Utilization and Storage Atlas estimates at least 2,400B metric tons of US CO2 storage resource

RWE, BASF and Linde Report New Solvents for CO2 Capture Reduce Energy Input by 20%

EIA: US energy-related CO2 emissions down 1.7% in 2016; carbon intensity of economy down 3.1%; transportation emissions up

EPA proposes CO2 limits for future power plants; flexibilities for phasing in control technology; anticipates negligible impacts

EIA: US energy-related CO2 emissions down 2.4% in 2011 while GDP rose

OriginOil, Carbon Sciences Apply for DOE Grants for CO2 to Fuels

CMU Paper: Market-Based Mechanisms for CO2 Reduction Will Be Insufficient to Attain Mid-Century Goals

New phase of globalization could undermine efforts to reduce CO2 emissions

CO2 and Methane Emissions Continued Rise in 2008 Despite Economic Slump

EIA releases report on CO2 emissions by state; California led in 2010 with transportation-sector emissions

EIA Energy Outlook 2011 more than doubles estimates of US shale gas resources; higher production at lower prices

Study Finds Doubling of Atmospheric CO2 from Pre-Industrial Levels Could Result in Dissolution of Coral Reefs

Oxford Team Outlines Progress and Potential in CO2 Capture and Conversion to Synthetic Transportation Fuels

President’s FY 2013 Budget requests $650.8M for Fossil Energy programs

DOE to Award $106M to Six CO2 Conversion Projects; $156M in Matching Private Funding

MHI achieves 1,600°C turbine inlet temperature in test operation of efficient J-Series gas turbine

UN report finds world needs incremental $1.9 trillion invested in green technologies to avert planetary catastrophe; global per capita cap on primary energy consumption of 70 GJ/yr may be required

China’s 2005 Carbon Emissions Almost Twice As Much As 2002 Emissions

Berkeley Lab study forecasts China energy use will peak within 20 years; 356 million private cars by 2050

Sandia progressing to demo stage with supercritical CO2 Brayton-cycle turbines; up to 50% increase in efficiency of thermal-to-electric conversion

DoD Researchers Work to Increase the Production of Higher Chain Hydrocarbons from CO2 Using a Traditional Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst

Geely invests in Carbon Recycling Intl.; vehicles fueled by methanol from CO2, water and renewable energy

DOE-sponsored project shows huge potential for carbon storage in Wyoming; potential for lithium recovery to offset cost

US EIA Projects World Energy Use to Grow 44% Between 2006 and 2030, CO2 Emissions Up by 39%

Study Concludes That to Limit Global Warming to 2 °C, Less Than 25% of Proven Fossil Fuel Reserves Can be Burnt Between Now and 2050

Failed Local Paper Put Out Of Its Misery - By Creative Greenius!

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