Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 22, 2011

After a period of temporary relative stabilization from 1999 to 2006, atmospheric methane has again risen. It also plays an important role in the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer. Human activities now account for 60% of methane emissions, with the remaining 40% being from natural sources such as wetlands. Earlier post.).

2010 199

2010 Industrial Industry Ozone 199

Green Car Congress

JULY 11, 2011

systems in areas classified “Serious,” “Severe,” or “Extreme” for nonattainment of the ozone national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS). Since 2006, all new automobiles and light trucks (pickups, vans, and SUVs) are equipped with ORVR. The CAA requires states to implement Stage II gasoline vapor recovery.

EPA 186

EPA Gasoline 2013 Ozone 186

Green Car Congress

JULY 6, 2010

This proposal reduces emissions contributing to fine particle (PM 2.5 ) and ozone nonattainment that often travel across state lines. SO 2 and NO x react in the atmosphere to form fine particle pollution and ground-level ozone (smog), which are linked to widespread illnesses and premature deaths. NO x emissions would drop by 52%.

Pollution 218

Pollution EPA Transportation DC 218

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2011

The California data were compared to ship-plume measurements made by NOAA near the Port of Houston, Texas in 2006. More findings from the CalNex research on a variety of subjects, from the formation of ozone to the interactions of particles and clouds, are being presented at a four-day workshop May 16 through 19 in Sacramento, California.

Pollution 186

Pollution California Clean Cleaning 186

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 4, 2011

In 2006, NOAA’s Climate Program Office introduced the State of the Arctic Report which established a baseline of conditions at the beginning of the 21 st century. This year, new sections were added, including, greenhouse gases, ozone and ultraviolet radiation, ocean acidification, Arctic Ocean primary productivity, and lake ice.

Tundra 186

Tundra Ozone 2011 2006 186

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 28, 2014

Compared to the 2010 “Business as Usual” scenario—which includes all adopted emission control measures for the South Coast—NO x levels must be reduced by 65% and by 75% to meet the 2023 and 2032 ozone standards, respectively. An 80% reduction of GHG emissions is targeted for 2050, relative to 1990 levels.

Gas 257

Gas Climate Emissions California 257

Green Car Congress

JUNE 13, 2009

150,000 from the California Department of Food and Agriculture’s Fertilizer Research and Education Program to Horwath, Six and David Goorahoo, an assistant professor at the Center for Irrigation Technology at California State University, Fresno, to measure nitrous oxide emissions from cotton, corn and vegetable cropping systems.

Davis 240

Davis Escape Ozone California 240

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 23, 2013

A team at Ford Motor Company’s Research and Innovation Center in Dearborn conducted a detailed study of the effect of ethanol blend level in emissions, using a 2006 model Mercury Grand Marquis flexible fuel vehicle (FFV) operating on E0, E10, E20, E30, E40, E55, and E80 on a chassis dynamometer. Click to enlarge. —Hubbard et al.

Emissions 294

Emissions Ford Exhaust Fuel 294

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 25, 2014

At the other end of the spectrum, a transportation policy with rigid fuel-economy requirements is the most expensive policy, costing more than $1 trillion in 2006 dollars, with health benefits recouping only a quarter of those costs. In 2011, 231 counties in the US exceeded the EPA’s regulatory standards for ozone, the main component of smog.

MIT 231

MIT Carbon Climate Climate Change 231

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 2, 2017

NO x emissions lead to the formation of ozone and small particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), each of which contributes to significant health impacts, including asthma and heart disease. bhp-hr, NO x emissions dropped 90% compared to 2006 and older heavy-duty vehicles. With the 2010 NO x certification limit of 0.2g/bhp-hr,

EPA 150

EPA Standards Gas Engine 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2009

The downward emission trend of three main pollutants which cause ground-level ozone continued in 2007: carbon monoxide (CO) fell by 57%, non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) were down by 47% and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) have dropped 36%. EU-27 emissions of all four pollutants were lower in 2007 than in 2006.

Pollution 236

Pollution Emissions Czech Republic United Kingdom 236

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2013

Tg CO 2 eq), after having increased by 43% from 1990 through 2006. The figure includes the direct effects and those indirect effects due to the production of tropospheric ozone and stratospheric water vapor.) Methane is more than 20 times as effective as CO 2 at trapping heat in the atmosphere—i.e.,

2007 285

2007 2011 EPA Gas 285

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 17, 2010

There are also provisions to develop international offset programs that could include the preservation of international forests.

California 218

California Climate Climate Change Gas-Electric 218

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 23, 2009

While the concentration of CH 4 was stable for seven years (from 1999 to 2006), both 2007 and 2008 show a significant increase. The globally averaged mixing ratio of methane (CH 4 ) in 2008 was 1,797 ppb, an increase of 7ppb from the previous year. Methane contributes 18.2% to the increase in overall global radiative forcing since 1750.

2008 218

2008 2003 2007 Climate Change 218

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2009

The loss of ice from West Antarctica is estimated to have increased by 60% in the decade to 2006, and by 140% from the Antarctic Peninsula in the same period. The hole in the ozone layer has had a cooling effect on Antarctica, and is partly responsible for masking expected warming on the continent.

Climate Change 259

Climate Change Climate 2007 Ozone 259

Green Car Congress

JULY 19, 2009

ozone, PM) problems may be less pressing. The researchers developed an updated and modified life cycle inventory (LCI) to estimate fuel cycle energy consumption and emissions of selected pollutants and greenhouse gases.

Pollution 150

Pollution Vehicles North Carolina Diesel 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 21, 2018

A long-term study of the health of Canadian children has found that exposure to ozone (O 3 ) at birth was associated with an 82% increased risk of developing asthma by age three. An 82% higher risk of developing asthma was associated with each 10 parts per billion, or ppb increase in exposure to ozone at birth.

Ozone 186

Ozone Pollution San Diego Canada 186

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2009

80.27, “high ozone season” means the period from June 1 to September 15 of any calendar year and “regulatory control period” means the period from May 1 to September 15 of any calendar year. Current Legal Requirement for Use of Anhydrous Ethanol in the United States. 40 CFR § 80.27 addresses controls and prohibitions on gasoline volatility.

Transportation 317

Transportation Fuel Renewable Gasoline-Electric 317

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2015

ozone depletion potential (ODP). photochemical ozone creation potential. Garcia River Forest Integrated Resource Management Plan (August 2006). Click to enlarge. A total of five environmental impact categories were identified as relevant and were then assessed in the study: eutrophication potential (EP). acidification potential.

Carbon 150

Carbon Personal Store Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 29, 2010

ARB staff reviewed four offset protocols and recommends that they be approved as part of this regulatory package: (1) the Urban Forest Projects Protocol; (2) the US Ozone Depleting Substances Projects Protocol; (3) the Livestock Manure (Digester) Projects Protocol; and (4) the US Forest Projects Protocol. Offset Protocols.

2015 210

2015 Transportation Fuel Emissions 210

Green Car Congress

JUNE 3, 2010

The United States released previous Climate Action Reports in 1994, 1997, 2002, and 2006. The submission of the document, also called the US Climate Action Report 2010, is a requirement under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. The US submits a National Communication to the UN every 3-5 years.

Climate 199

Climate 2020 Emissions Climate Change 199