Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2016

Ethane reacts with sunlight and other molecules in the atmosphere to form ozone, which at the surface can cause respiratory problems, eye irritation and other ailments and damage crops. Between 2005 and 2014, the Bakken’s oil production jumped by a factor of 3,500, and its gas production by 180.

Ozone 150

Ozone Global Emissions North Dakota 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2012

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has submitted its final Report to Congress on Black Carbon , in response to an October 2009 request from Congress to advance efforts to understand the role of black carbon (BC) in climate change. —Report to Congress on Black Carbon. emissions in 2005. Source: EPA.

Congress 252

Congress EPA Carbon Emissions 252

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 23, 2020

HFC-23 is a very potent greenhouse gas, with one tonne of its emissions being equivalent to the release of more than 12,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide. However, levels have been soaring because it is vented to the atmosphere during the production of another chemical widely used in cooling systems in developing countries.

Emissions 199

Emissions Ozone India 2017 199

Green Car Congress

MARCH 13, 2010

Since 1990, nationwide air quality has improved significantly for the six common air pollutants: ground-level ozone; particle pollution; lead; nitrogen dioxide; carbon monoxide; and sulfur dioxide, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) report “Our Nation’s Air - Status and Trends through 2008”. annual PM 2.5

EPA 186

EPA Ozone 2000 2008 186

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 14, 2009

Probability distribution for the committed warming by GHGs between 1750 and 2005. Cutting HFCs, black carbon, tropospheric ozone, and methane can buy us about 40 years before we approach the dangerous threshold of 2°C warming. —co-author Black Carbon. Black carbon is responsible for almost 50% of the 1.9°C

Climate Change 186

Climate Change Climate Pollution Ozone 186

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 21, 2013

As with its predecessor legislation, the MAP-21 provides funding to areas in non-attainment or maintenance for ozone, carbon monoxide, and/or particulate matter.

Colorado 250

Colorado Fuel Oklahoma Ozone 250

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2016

These were shown to be ozone-depleting, however, and were targeted for phasing out under the 1987 Montreal Protocol. However, HFC-134a, while having zero ozone-depletion potential, has a very high global warming potential—more than 1,500 times as much warming as an equivalent amount of CO 2. Cambridge University Press.

China 150

China Ozone Chinese United States 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 1, 2009

Among the direct transportation-related provisions in the extensive package are a low-carbon fuel standard for all transportation fuels; financial support for large scale demonstrations of electric vehicles; and financial support for automakers retooling plants to make electric vehicles. Carbon Capture and Sequestration.

Climate 186

Climate Standards Carbon California 186

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2009

Ocean acidification caused by the absorption of carbon dioxide in seawater is already increasing along the California coast decades earlier than existing models predict. The growth in carbon dioxide emissions from energy and industry has exceeded even the most fossil-fuel intensive scenario developed by the IPCC at the end of the 1990s.

Climate Change 259

Climate Change Climate 2007 Ozone 259

Green Car Congress

MARCH 16, 2012

eutrophication; ET = ecological toxicity; FEC = fossil energy consumption; WU = water use; LO = land occupation; “The rest” includes acidification; smog formation; ozone layer depletion; and human health effects. GW = global warming; Eut. Credit: ACS, Yang et al. Click to enlarge. Credit: ACS, Yang et al. Click to enlarge.

Gasoline 357

Gasoline Water Emissions Minnesota 357

Green Car Congress

JUNE 9, 2009

Mikhail Chester and Arpad Horvath inventoried on-road, rail, and air travel to determine energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and criteria air pollutant (CAP) emissions (excluding PM, lead, and ozone due to lack of data).

Light 150

Light Emissions Energy Boston 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 27, 2015

In their extensive analysis of the physical and chemical composition of the emissions, McDonald and colleagues found that the most abundant pollutants were carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, NO, and NO 2.

Exhaust 150

Exhaust Diesel Engine 2007 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 4, 2011

In 2005, Congress enacted the Renewable Fuel Standard as part of the Energy Policy Act (EPAct) and amended it in the 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA). Such land conversion may disrupt any future potential for storing carbon in biomass and soil. Economic effects. Barriers and opportunities.

Renewable 252

Renewable Tax Credit Conversion Fuel 252