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The ranking of the 17 manufacturers based on the Sustainable Value Margin. Ford has also languished in negative territory from 2001 onwards, and only temporarily showed signs of recovery in 2004 and 2005 (although still not managing to create positive Sustainable Value). Sustainable Value in AutomobileManufacturing (2009).
mpg increase over the previous year and an increase of nearly 5 mpg since 2004. The detailed data supporting the report were obtained directly from automobilemanufacturers. Based on the final data through MY 2013, CO 2 emissions have decreased by 92 g/mi, or 20%, since MY 2004, and fuel economy has increased by 4.8
The front-wheel drive B-Class F-CELL offers an operating range of around 240 miles (386 km) (Euro driving cycle, 190 miles (306 km) estimated EPA)—more than twice the range of the 2004 A-Class F-CELL—and short refueling times.
However, as required by the Clean Air Act, automobilemanufacturers began installing onboard refueling vapor recovery (ORVR) technologies in 1998, making gas stations’ systems redundant. Since 2006, all new automobiles and light trucks (pickups, vans, and SUVs) are equipped with ORVR. Stage II vapor recovery systems.
The 1979 Iranian crisis and related oil price shock accelerated Brazil’s conversion of its gasoline supply and automobilefleet. Automobilemanufacturers were given tax breaks to produce cars that ran on hydrous ethanol, and, by 1980, every automobile company in Brazil was following this lead.
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