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US EPA Region 9 8-hour ozone trends, 1979-2000. These State Implementation Plans (SIPs) are the roadmaps to meeting the 1997 8-hour ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of 0.08 In 1997, EPA first established the 8-hour ozone standard, which replaced the older 1-hour ozone standard (0.12 Source: EPA.
The CTI will include a future rulemaking that will update the existing NO x standard which was last set in 2001 while also streamlining compliance and certification requirements. EPA last revised NO x standards for on-highway heavy-duty trucks and engines in January 2001. The Agency is not required by statue to update the standard.
However, 100 million people live in areas of nonattainment for ozone and particulate matter (PM), and according to EPA estimates, heavy-duty vehicles will continue to be one of the largest contributors to NO x emissions—a precursor of ozone and PM formation—from the transportation sector in 2025.
Per capita GHG emissions in California have dropped from a 2001 peak of 14.0 in 2018 (2000-2018 average year-over-year increase is 6.8%), continuing the increasing trend as they replace Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) being phased out under the 1987 Montreal Protocol. tons per person to 10.7 tons per person in 2018, a 24% decrease.
The settlement addresses the company’s noncompliance with a 2001 consent decree and Clean Air Act regulations requiring strict controls on benzene and benzene-containing wastes generated during petroleum refining operations.
Each year, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates RVP for gasoline and gasoline-ethanol blended during the summer ozone season from 1 June until 15 September. The purpose of the regulation is to reduce evaporative emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) that contribute to ground-level ozone.
The study involved children (age range, 5-18 years) from 3 groups, and was conducted during the 1993-2001, 1996-2004, and 2003-2012 years in 8 Southern California communities. Kiros Berhane, Ph.D., A model was used to estimate the association of changes in pollution levels with bronchitic symptoms.
The on-road transportation (ORT) and power generation (PG) sectors are major contributors to CO 2 emissions and a host of short-lived radiatively-active air pollutants, including tropospheric ozone and fine aerosol particles, that exert complex influences on global climate. Unger et al. Click to enlarge.
The 21CTP was formed in 2001 to reduce fuel usage and emissions in trucks of Classes 3 through 8. California’s and, potentially, EPA’s move toward further heavy-duty NO x reductions to meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone will be critical. These new targets need to be set for the research efforts.
These were shown to be ozone-depleting, however, and were targeted for phasing out under the 1987 Montreal Protocol. China fully embraced HFC-134a in 2001 when it implemented its obligations under the 1987 Montreal Protocol. These older systems used chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-12) as the refrigerant gas.
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