Green Car Congress

MARCH 18, 2012

Bitumen production from the Canadian oil sands provides a point of reference that could be used to observe and better manage the land and water impacts of a rapid transition to unconventional fuels, suggests Dr. Sarah Jordaan of the Energy Technology Innovation Policy Research Group, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University.

Oil-Sands 231

Oil-Sands Water Oil Fuel 231

Green Car Congress

APRIL 27, 2012

The majority (62%) of the plantations were located on the island of Sumatra, and more than two-thirds (69%) of all industrial plantations were developed for oil palm cultivation, with the remainder mostly being Acacia plantations for paper pulp production. —Miettinen et al. Earlier post.).

Oil-Sands 314

Oil-Sands Oil Emissions Climate 314

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 13, 2013

A comprehensive environmental field study to gather information on air contaminants in the Wood Buffalo region in northeast Alberta, Canada (home to major oil sands projects) will occur from 12 August to mid-September 2013. Evaluate high-resolution air quality models for use in the oil sands region. Earlier post.).

Oil-Sands 199

Oil-Sands Canada Oil Pollution 199

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 7, 2011

Pending confirmation through future appraisal drilling, the total hydrocarbons initially in place in the Mad Dog field complex are now estimated to be up to four billion barrels of oil equivalent. in about 4,500 feet (1,371 meters) of water. —Bob Dudley, BP group chief executive. BHP Billiton has a 23.9%

Mexico 220

Mexico Oil Oil-Sands Chevron 220

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2013

Vehicle penetration 2000 to 2040. China will see the largest increase—more than 4 million oil-equivalent barrels per day. The outlook projects that oil and natural gas will continue to meet about 60% of energy needs by 2040. In 2010, about 75% of the world’s vehicles were in OECD countries. Source: ExxonMobil. Natural gas.

Oil-Sands 309

Oil-Sands Energy Hybrid Sale 309

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2014

Between 2000 and 2011, the number of producing gas wells in the US increased by 50%, reaching 514,637. This surge in exploration and production from unconventional sources has been accompanied by public concerns about various environmental issues—including air quality, water quantity and quality, and human health impacts.

Gas 218

Gas Oil-Sands Emissions Oil 218

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 29, 2013

The A4 of model year 2000 with a 1.8 Other features include a new, lighter turbocharger/cylinder head assembly; the use of lightweight polymers for the oil pan, and use of aluminum for various screws and fasteners. The exhaust manifold is water-cooled, resulting in the elimination of the use of full load enrichment—i.e.,

2014 331

2014 Engine Exhaust Fuel Economy 331